社会保障的伦理学反思.pdf

中文摘要 社会保障作为一门交叉学科,已广泛进入经济学、社会学、政治学、法学 等学科的研究视阈,然而我们却长期忽视了对其进行伦理角度的研究。社会保 障是人类文明与进步的产物,它蕴含了人类对自身生存状态的价值判断和反思, 对美好生活的向往与追求,它指向什么是“好”、什么是“善”,什么是“公平”、 什么是“正义” ,而这些恰恰是伦理学所研究和关注的问题。因此,以伦理学视 角对社会保障进行审视与反思就显得十分必要。 本文首先从历史的角度,分析了社会保障与伦理道德的互动关系,明确了 社会保障的发展离不开伦理道德因素的支撑与推动,而社会保障的发展也会深 刻改变人们的伦理道德观念。其次,分析了当前社会保障实践中存在的一些伦 理问题,以及它们产生的原因和影响。昀 后,介绍了规范伦理学领域昀有代表 性的两种理论,即目的论和义务论,分析了这两种思想对社会保障发展的影响 和启示,并在此基础上,从社会保障制度自身、社会保障结果、社会运行三个 层次,提出了围绕社会保障制度的“公平?效率”模型。 关键词:社会保障;伦理学;公平;效率1Abstract Social Security,as a cross-discipline, has been a source for the studies of a wide range of disciplines such as economics, sociology, politics and jurisprudence. Its ethical significance, however, has long been ignored. In fact, as the product of human civilization and progress, Social Security implies mankind’s value judgments and reflection on their existence, and their desire and pursuit of the good life. It serves to define goodness, kindness, fairness” and “justice, which are precisely the subjects and concerns for ethical research. Therefore, it is essential to carry out examinations and reflections on social security from ethical perspectiveFirst, the article analyzed the interaction between social security and ethics from a historical perspective and made it clear that the support and promotion from the latter is indispensable to the development of the latter, and the former in turn will profoundly change the latter. Second, it discussed some current ethical issues within the practice of social security, as well as their causes and effects. Third, the two most representative theories in the field of normative ethics, the teleological theories and the deontological theories, were introduced. And their inspiration and impact on social security development were also explored. Finally, based on the summarizations of the two theories, the author proposed a “justice - efficiency” models for social security system from three levels, including the system itself and its results and ope