中国创业者的现状及其影响因素分析.pdf

摘 要 创业是经济的重要组成部分,它一方面能够推动经济发展,另一方面能够 积极带动就业。国外对创业的研究由来已久,但是国内对创业的研究还处在刚 刚起步的阶段。在当前产业转型及就业压力严峻的环境下,加强对创业的研究, 尤其是加大对创业的主体??创业者的研究显得尤为重要。 本文通过利用2005年全国1%人口抽样调查的数据,分别对创业者的生活现 状及其影响因素作了深入的定量分析,进而发现了当前不利于创业者创业的几 个问题及有利的方面,并提出了具有针对性的政策建议。 从生活现状来看,中国创业者的平均年收入更高,但他们的工作时间更长; 在失业保险、医疗保险和养老保险上,创业者的参加率普遍较低,而且比非创 业者更低;创业者主要以个体工商户和私营企业为主。 从影响因素来说,男性、流动人口、城市人、已婚人群更可能创业;年龄 在 30~40 岁之间的创业者比例是昀高的;尽管受教育程度越高,创业可能性越 高,但这只在高中及其以下受教育程度的人群中生效,大学及以上受教育程度 人群的创业比例是明显偏低的;在那些机会较多、门槛较低的行业中,创业者 比例较高,这些行业大部分都在第三产业和劳动密集型行业;不论是从居住地 还是户籍地,创业者比例与省份的经济发达程度是有一定相关性的,社会经济 环境越发达的省份,其创业者比例也相应越高,其中以广东的创业者比例为昀 高,但北京和上海由于经济结构的差异被排除在外。 关键词:创业;创业者;生活现状;影响因素 1Abstract Entrepreneurship is an important part of the economy, on the one hand it can promote economic development, on the other hand can actively promote the employmentStudy abroad on entrepreneurship started from a long time ago, but domestic entrepreneurship research is still in the infancy stage. In the current environment of severe stress about industrial restructuring and employment, strengthen entrepreneurship research, especially the research about the subject of entrepreneurship?the entrepreneur ?is of great importanceUsing 1% of the population sample survey data in 2005, this passage respectively makes quantitative analysis about the life of the entrepreneur and its influence factors in depth, and then found several problems that not good for the entrepreneur and their favorable terms, and put forward targeted proposals policyFrom the living situation, average annual income of entrepreneurs in china is higher, but they work for longer hours; for the unemployment insurance, medical insurance and pension insurance, the entrepreneurs participation is generally low, lower than the non-entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are mainly composed of individual business and private enterprise-basedFrom the factors of influence, male, migrants, urban and married people are more likely to start business. People aged from 30 to 40 years old is the