被塑形的时间——扎西达娃小说时间叙事研究.pdf

摘 要 时间问题在小说中占据着重要的位置,扎西达娃的小说中的时间一方面延 续了现代小说中对时间问题的格外关注,把时间作为一种叙事手段来扩展小说 的广度和深度;另一方面,作为一名藏族作家,他把藏族的时间观引入到小说 中,使得他小说中的时间意识完全迥异于内地作家的作品,带给读者的是一种 全新的阅读体验。本文试图从叙事学的角度入手,通过分析其作品中对时间的 不同塑形形式来探讨小说这种文体中时间的意义。 本文第一章主要从叙事学的角度入手,将扎西达娃的小说时间归为两类。 一类即是无时性小说,一类即是蕴涵了民族的时间经验的小说。在分析两类小 说的时间问题中,笔者认为第二种则具有更独特的魅力,第二章就是来具体分 析第二类小说中所蕴含的时间美学意义。 第二章从扎西达娃小说中和藏族的时间观密切相关的时间经验入手,通过 对其小说中时间经验的分析,指出其小说中的深层时间体验是一种集体的时间 经验,具体表现为民族古老的时间经验以及古老与现代之间的时间冲突。从中 探讨他作为一个藏族作家是怎样把民族的集体话语融入到个体的小说中去的。 第三章是通过对以上两章分析来探讨扎西达娃小说中时间叙事的得与失, 同时引出对小说这种文体本身中关于时间的思考。主要从两方面分析,一是在 小说中,尤其是现代小说以来,人们把时间问题作为一种叙事的修辞,意义究 竟何在,笔者认为其意义就在于使时间超越文本本身,而去关注哲学中的时间 意义,而这种哲学意义是否适合表现藏族题材的小说就决定了藏族小说家的创 新的成败和生命力。其二则是通过对小说中时间主题的变迁来分析小说本身的 得与失以及其走向。 关键词:叙事;时间经验;小说;故事;话语 Abstract Time is an important point in the novel. In Zhaxidawa’s novel, in one word, time follows the tradition of the modern novel that pay more attention to expanding depth and breadth of the novel .In other way, as a Tibetan writer, he try to introduced Tibetan time experience into his novels, which makes the time sense of his novels completely different from writers in the mainland .This paper attempts to discuss the meaning of time in novels with narrative theory by analyzing the different configured time in zhaxidawa’s novels Chapter One I divide Zhaxidawa’s novels into two categories from the Perspective of time with narrative theory. One is the novels without time, the other is novels which Contain national time experience. I think that the second category has a more unique charm .The second chapter I analyze the aesthetic significance of the time in the second category novels Chapter Two, starting from the time experience which is closely related to Tibetan time concept and by analyzing the time experience in Zhaxidawa’s novels, I point out that the deep time in his novels is collective time experience,the specific performance is the national ancient time as well as the conflicts between ancient time and modern time. And then discuss that as a Tibetan