城乡移民，城市内部二元经济与居民收入不平等.pdf

摘 要 经典发展经济学对于城乡移民与居民收入不平等之间关系的解释,由于其假 定前提在中国并不具备而难以解释中国的现实。本文引入户籍制度、城乡分割政 策、城市内部二元经济等带有中国特色的因素,建立了一个解释中国城乡移民与 总体居民收入不平等关系的动态模型。得出如下结论:服务于工业化赶超战略的 城乡分割政策在新时期环境下,由于地方政府的特别的利益取向而被有变动地保 留下来。而经济发展程度和社会法制规范等原因使得城市内部正规部门与非正规 部门的分割特别明显,正规部门的规模变动较小,而非正规部门规模不断扩大。 在有户籍限制下,随着农民工不断进城和城市化率的提高,全社会的相对收入差 距是单调增大的。消除户籍制度虽然不能改变相对收入差距逐渐扩大的趋势,却 能使得在任意相同的城市化率水平上,相比存在户籍限制时减小全社会的相对收 入差距,并且均衡时的城市化率、资本存量与总产出都有所提高。无户籍限制情 况下,达到均衡状态后,如果由于人力资本的积累,政策法规的完善或社会的发 展等原因使得正规部门开放,规模变大,则相对收入差距将会单调缩小,并伴随 城市化率和社会总产出的增加,从而形成库兹涅茨的倒 U 过程。由此提出政策 建议:要逐步消除户籍限制和努力扩大正规部门的规模,以使得非正规部门正规 化。关键词:城乡移民、非正规部门、收入不平等、城乡分割 1ABSTRACT Classic development economic theories on relation between rural-urban migration and income inequality can’t explain China’s reality because their hypotheses are too different from China’s conditions. I introduce factors such as Hukou system, rural-urban segmentation policy and within urban dual-economy which are related to Chinese characteristics into this paper, and develop dynamic models to explain relation between rural-urban migration and income inequality of whole society. I draw conclusions that rural-urban segmentation which was affiliated to the industrial catching-up strategy is partly changed and preserved in the new eraDue to economic underdevelopment and unsound legal system,? there’s apparent separation of formal and informal sectors in urban labor market and the scale of informal sector enlarges steadily while that of the formal sector almost keeps steadyWith the?HuKou restriction, relative income inequality of whole society keeps rising monotonically as peasants migrate into city. By abolishing HuKou restriction, the relative income inequality of the whole society can be decreased compared to that with HuKou restriction at any level of urbanization. Also the urbanization rate, stock capital and total production is increased in equilibrium, although the rising trend of income inequality is unchanged. When without HuKou restriction, and if the scale of formal sector