传播适应：方式及动因的探索.pdf

摘 要 在传播者会根据不同传播对象的特征改变自己的传播方式这一认识前提 下，本文运用传播适应理论针对具体情境分析了适应的方式，动机及影响因素。 传播适应理论由美籍社会心理学家和传播学家霍华德·贾尔斯（Howard Giles ）等学者于 1973 年提出。该理论关于适应方式的最早的两个关键词是“趋 同”和“趋异”，趋同、趋异背后的动机包括改进传播效果、获得社会赞同、增加 人际吸引，保持积极的社会身份或保持自我身份，保持谈话中权力和角色的差 异。本文认同这一观点，并提出趋同背后的动机还包括降低不确定性，心理安 全的需要和报复的心理作用，并认为这些动机同样可以用来解释其它的适应行 为。 全面介绍适应行为中的近似策略、可理解策略、话语管理策略、人际控制 策略，并针对具体的人际传播情境对其运用进行具体化和细化是本文一大创新。 最后，本文提出了影响适应方式的因素包括地位、性别、社会习俗和道德规范。 关键词：传播适应理论；适应方式；适应动因 1 Abstract On the premise that individual’s communication patterns will vary with his recipient, This thesis has applied the Communication Accommodation Theory to probe the accommodation process, it’s motivation and factors which have influence on it. Communication Accommodation Theory was proposed by Howard Giles, an American Professor in social psychology and communication, in 1973.The initial two key concepts about accommodation were convergence and divergence. The motive underlying the two process consist of facilitating understanding, gaining social approval ,acceptance or attraction, keeping a positive group identity or keeping a distinctive identity, the differences of status and role. Agreeing with the viewpoint, the author proposed that the motivation underlying convergence could also be reducing the uncertainty, requiring for psychological safety or revenge. The author also think that these motivations could explain for other strategies. Having outlined CAT, especially the process of accommodation, the author initially explicated the four strategies in actual interactivities. Then, the author pointed out four factors influencing accommodative process: status 、gender、social