居延新简名物词语研究.pdf

摘 要 名物词是随着社会的发展、新事物的出现而产生的，通过对名物词语的研 究能够看出当时社会名物的使用情况和相关词汇的面貌。居延新简主要内容是 汉代居延地区的文书档案，属于应用性出土文献，简文中保存和记录了大量名 物类词语，能够真实的反映当时的语言现象。本文以居延新简为研究语料，借 鉴前人的研究方法和成果，对简文中所载的大量名物词语进行穷尽性分类研究。 论文主要分为两个部分： 1、利用《居延新简——甲渠侯官》为底本，对居延新简中的名物词语进行 穷尽性的归类和考察。简文中共包含名物词语 366 个，这些名物大多与当时的 日常生活密切相关。本文主要根据名物在客观世界中的功用，参照《尔雅》、《释 名》的分类原则，将简文中的名物词语分为衣物、饮食、军需、运输、器具、 建筑六大类，每类之下再依功能或性质各分小类。对每一名物词语的考察注重 该名物的功用和包含的文化内涵，并结合相关制度和历史背景进行说明。有些 名物词语还无法确切考释的，暂放到六类之外，定名为“存疑”类。 2 、考察简文中量词与名物词语的搭配关系。名物词语与量词的搭配能够一 定程度上反映当时名词与数量词搭配的情况。本文考察与名物词语对应的量词 有哪些，分别与哪些种类的名物词搭配使用。 通过对简文所载名物词语进行全面的考察，希望第一，能服务于同类简帛 的研究，如为居延汉简、额济纳汉简及其他同时期简帛的研究提供一定帮助， 互相补充，互为印证；第二，为古汉语词汇研究提供新的材料；第三，为研究 汉代政治、经济、文化的研究提供基础材料。 关键词：居延新简；名物词语；量词 1 Abstract Juyanxinjian is bamboo and wooden slips excavated in Juyan area in1970s ． Since it was excavated in a scientific and systematic way ，Juyanxinjian has more value in research than Juyanhanjian which was excavated in the same area in 1930-1931 by Northwest Scientific Survey ． Official documents are the main content of Juyanxinjian, so we can see many substantives which were used in Han dynasty ． This thesis has a total research on the substantives in Juyanxinjian, we hope it can provide new language materials from the research of Chinese language history ． In this thesis, the substantives refer to both words and expressions which were the name of something ． We divide all the 366 substantives included in Juyanxinjian into six kinds ． They are food, clothing, architecture, military supplies, transport and implements ． We also list all the examples in Juyanxinjian behind each word or expression ． The thesis also has a research on the measure words which has been used with the substant