孔子“知”论思想蠡测.pdf

论文摘要 “知”论在孔子的思想体系中具有重要的地位和作用，这一思想具有狭义 和广义两种内涵。在狭义方面，它属于“仁”、“义”、“礼”、“知”、“信”五德 之一的“知”德；在广义方面，它包含了孔子的整个智慧学说。我们的研究运 用各种方法，阐释孔子“知”论思想的内蕴、经典来源及其特点，并从中挖掘 出其现代价值。 本文论述了“知”的基本涵义及其与“仁”、“义”、“礼”、“信”、“勇”的 关系。孔子“知”论思想具有丰富的内涵，主要有“为政以德”、“中庸”、“无 为而治”等。《尚书》、《周易》等远古经典对这些思想的形成有着重要的影响， 本文对此作了初步探测。孔子“知”论思想虽然博大精深，但也可以归纳为四 个特点，即广泛包容、深入实践、反复探索、不断升华。在人生哲学、政治社 会两大方面，孔子“知”论思想日益显示出其重要价值。它教会我们既要高扬 人的主体意识，又要顺应自然；既要坚持原则，又要灵活变通。此外，它对社 会道德的建设和社会冲突的消弭具有重要的借鉴意义。 关键词：孔子；“知”论思想；《论语》 1 Abstract “zhi” has the important status and the function in Confucius ideology. It has two implications: the narrow sense and the generalized. In the aspect of the narrow sense, “zhi” is one of the five morality items which are “ren”, “yi”, “li”, “zhi” and “xin”. In the generalized aspect, it has contained Confucius entire wisdom theory. Our study utilized many methods, explaining the embodiment, the classics origin and its characteristics of Confucius’ “zhi”, and excavating its modern value. This article elaborated the basic implication of “zhi” and its relations to “ren”, “yi”, “li”, “xin” and “yong”. Confucius’ “zhi” has the rich connotation, such as “for the politics by Germany”, “the doctrine of the mean”, “the natural inactivity” and so on. the classical texts like “Shang Shu”, “the Book of Change” have the major influence on the formation of these thoughts. this article has made the preliminary survey about this. Although Confucius’ “zhi” is broad and profound, it may include four characteristics, namely widely containing, thoroughly practising, repeatedly exploring, unceasingly rising. In the two large aspects of the philosophy of life and the political society, Confucius’ “zhi” demonstrats its important value day by day.