刘克庄的词学思想和词作研究.pdf

摘 要 刘克庄是南宋后期著名的辛派词人。他的词既继承了辛词的爱国内容和豪 放风格，又带有时代的烙印和个人的特点，在南宋词史上有着独特的地位和影 响。 刘克庄所处的时代，宋金矛盾相对缓和，恢复无望，偏安成习，弥漫于词 坛的是以姜夔、史达祖、吴文英为代表的格律派词风。他们的词作内容上远离 现实，艺术上雕词琢句，字里行间充满着衰气。刘克庄这时出现在词坛，在国 家危亡的时刻，他用词来反映现实，议论国事，抒写抱负，一改当时颓靡的词 风，发出了振聋发聩的爱国之音。这正是其词作的价值和意义所在。 本文在充分占有资料的基础上，把刘克庄放在当时的时代和文化背景上， 结合他的家世、交游和仕宦经历，对其词学观点以及词作进行探讨和研究。首 先，探讨刘克庄的词学观点、形成原因及其对前人词学观的继承和发展；其次， 从忧国之思、爱民热肠、仕隐矛盾、儿女之情四个方面来分析其词作内容及其 思想感情；最后，从词中凸现的自我形象、语言风格、创作手法三个方面来对 其词作风格特点进行探讨。笔者希望通过这样的研究，既能揭示其词学观点对 其词作的指导作用，又能指出其词作对词学观点的突破和背离之处；既能看到 其词作的优点，又能看到其不足。在分析和判断中，力求把握刘克庄和其他辛 派词人以及同时代词人的相通和不同之处。 关键词： 刘克庄 词学观点及成因 词作内容 风格特点 Abstract Liu Kezhuang is a famous poet, belonging of Xin Pai( Xin Qiji School) in the Southern Song Dynasty. His poems inherits the patriotic content and the bold style of Xin Qiji’s poems, and has distinguishing features because of times and his own creation , so Liu Kezhuang has the unique status and influence in the Southern Song poetic history . In the times of Liu Kezhuang ,the contradictory between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty relaxes relatively,there is little hope to restore the Northern Land and people seek temporary ease,the poetry rules of Jiang Kui 、Shi Dazu and Wu Wenying serves as a typical representative tendency in the poet circle .Their poems are far away from the reality in the content and engage in the art of word and sentence, and a fading atmosphere fills in their lines. When Liu Kezhuang appears among the circle,he uses his poems to reflect the reality and discusses the national affairs and expresses his aspiration when the nation is in peril, his poetic theory and practice change the decadent poetic creation and sent out a patriotic sound which