卢梭的立法者思想探析.pdf

摘 要 本文探讨卢梭的立法者思想，笔者希望以立法者思想为突破口，对卢梭的 政治思想能有一个完整的把握。 卢梭的思想是丰富和复杂的，立法者思想是卢梭政治思想中的一个重要方 面，但是却被研究者们忽略了。可以说，存在着两个卢梭，作为批判者的卢梭 描述了纯粹的自然状态情景和合法的政治社会的蓝图，对腐化堕落的社会进行 了批判；作为建设者的卢梭，为人们指出了通往合法政治社会的道路，这就是 立法者的立法活动。立法者是“卢梭问题”的答案，必须要得到解释。 本文由四部分构成，第一部分探讨立法者与自由、公共意志的关系，通过 讨论确定立法者思想在卢梭思想中的位置，在这一部分中笔者还将确定立法者 立法的时机；第二部分论述立法者的立法方式，指出立法活动是由立法家和教 育家来完成的；在第三部分中，笔者将指出卢梭的立法者形象；最后，笔者得 出结论，认为卢梭主张一种与众不同的自由观，立法者的立法活动正是在这种 自由观的基础上进行。 关键词：卢梭；自由；公共意志；立法者 1 Abstract This article is about thought of Rousseau’s legislator. The author wants to use the legislator thought as a breach to understand Rousseau’s thought. The thought of Rousseau is rich and complicated, and the legislator thought , which is neglected by researchers ,is an important part. We can say , there are two Rousseau. Rousseau , as a critic, attacks the corrupt society by depicting the pure natural state and legitimate civil society. Rousseau, the theory builders, also points out the way to the legitimate civil society , that is the work of legislator. The theory of legislator is the answer to the question of Rousseau. It must be explained. This article is made up of four parts. In the first part , the writer will find legislator’s position in Rousseau’s thought by discussing the relationship of legislator, freedom and General Will. The time when the legislator does his work is fixed in this part. Next , our focus will shift to the means of legislator, I will prove that the work of legislator is finished by lawgiver and educator. And then ,we will find the image of Rousseaus legislators. At last , the writer will get to the conclusion that Rousseau argues for an unique view of freedom , which is the basis of legislator’s work. Key words: Rousseau; f