论客观：新闻的职业立场.pdf

摘 要 新闻客观性是新闻工作的一种专业规范，也是主要的新闻专业理念之一。准 确地报道事实是新闻客观性的最高目标，它要求新闻从业者以超然、中立的立场 对待事实和受众，禁止在报道中直接、公开地采取带有撰稿人主观倾向的立场。 超然、中立是新闻客观性对新闻从业者职业立场的约定。从新闻职业角度看，职 业立场体现了新闻业通过新闻报道的方式维护公众利益的普遍化的民主视角；从 新闻业务角度看，它是使新闻更加可信的方法和技巧；从媒体与受众的关系看， 它是媒体获得更多受众认同，进而获得更多经济利益的一种市场策略以及媒体的 应诉策略；与此同时，它还是一种制度性安排。在新闻话语中，新闻的职业立场 体现在新闻叙事、新闻结构和新闻语言之中。新闻的客观性不是绝对的，客观地 “知晓”事实是新闻客观性的专业边界，“合法分歧”是新闻客观性的政治边界。 新闻的职业立场在新闻客观性的限度之内，客观性的边界也是职业立场的边界。 【关键词】新闻客观性；职业立场 3 Abstract Objectivity of journalism is not only a professional standard but also one of the main concepts of journalism. Reporting facts accurately is the highest aim of objectivity. It requires journalists adopt a detached and neutral attitude towards facts and the audience and prohibit reports to take a view of the writers’ subjective tendency directly and publicly. Being detached and neutral is a professional standpoint agreement between objectivity and journalists. From the angle of occupation, professional standpoint of journalism embodies a universal and democratic visual angle from which journalism safeguards the public’s interests through news discourse. From the point of view of profession, it is a method and technique that make news more credible. From the angle of the relationship between the media and the audience, it is a market strategic in which the media obtain the acknowledgement from the audience and much more economic interests. It is also a strategic of replying lawsuits. In the meantime, it is institutional arrangement. In the news discourse, professional standpoint is reflected in the