对OECD国家公共养老金制度改革的分析和思考.pdf

对 OECD 国家公共养老金制度改革的分析和思考 摘 要 OECD国家的公共养老金制度改革发展趋势在某种程度上可谓反映和涵盖了 世界主流的公共养老金制度改革方向和方式。尽管OECD各成员国的公共养老金 制度架构及历史不尽相同，但其改革的原因及改革的主流趋势却惊人地相似。 本文对OECD国家目前已经实施或者正引起广泛争论的改革方案分作两大类：参 数改革和范式改革，其中范式改革包括名义账户制和部分私有化改革。在深入 分析各类方案特点的基础上探讨其反映出的OECD国家公共养老金制度改革的一 般趋势：改革而非革命。据此，本文基于多元主义的视角对公共养老金制度改 革作进一步分析和思考：为什么是这样一种改革。本文共分四个部分：第一部 分是研究的背景和意义，第二部分分析OECD国家公共养老金制度改革的原因和 影响因素，第三部分分析OECD国家公共养老金制度改革的措施，第四部分是对 OECD国家公共养老金制度改革的进一步分析和思考，总结出这是一种什么样的 改革并基于政治多元主义分析为什么会是这样的改革，由此引出对公共养老金 制度根本目的的再认识。 关键词：OECD；公共养老金改革；分析 1 对 OECD 国家公共养老金制度改革的分析和思考 Abstract The developments of the public pension system reforms in the OECD countries exemplify, to some extent, the mainstream methods and approaches of such reforms throughout the world. Although the pension system in each OECD member country has its own history and structure, their causes for this round of reform and the directions they are moving in are surprisingly similar. This thesis categorizes the OECD countries reform plans, being implemented already or being debated currently, into two kinds: Indexation Reform and Pattern Reform. The latter contains Notional Defined Contribution and Partial Privatization. A thorough analysis of the characteristics of each solution is then conducted, which serves as the basis for the further discussion of the general trends shown in the OECD countries public pension system reforms. The thesis is composed of four chapters: chapter Ⅰis about the background and significance of this paper, chapter Ⅱ concerns the reasons and influence affects of the reforms of public pension programmes in OECD countries, chapter Ⅲ examines the