胡适《尝试集》研究.pdf

摘 要 胡适《尝试集》是新诗历史上的重要文本，它处于中国文化从传统到现代转 化的关键历史节点，因而也是中国诗歌史和文化史的重要文本。尝试集不但是 第一部个人白话诗集，更在现代新诗的生成历史中占据源头的地位，它是中国 传统诗歌向现代诗歌转型的一个标本。本文以《尝试集》为中心，通过对“尝 试”得以发生的具体路径、文本价值的预设和确立、文本的内在矛盾和外部冲 突三个主要问题的探讨，对新诗的发生作一历史的还原，从中对中国诗歌转型 的丰富性和复杂性进行进一步的认识。 诗歌变革的呼声在历史上代不乏人，这种文学现象在晚清时期开始发生根本 性的变化，整个文化背景有了天翻地覆的空前变化。此时的诗歌变革亦呈现出 不同以前的丰富性和复杂性。从晚清的诗界革命到五四时期胡适的诗歌革命“尝 试”，传统诗歌最终发生了根本性的演进，新诗发生的路径与时代的变革息息相 关，充满丰富的历史细节。 新诗的发生和文学革命、白话文运动无法分割。胡适的《尝试集》的价值在 结集出版前既被预设为白话文运动的样品，同时又是文学革命的试验，最终得 到确立。由旧而新演进的诗歌革命本身就充满由于反传统而出现的诸多矛盾和 冲突，加上多重的目的，相关的矛盾变得更加复杂。本文对这些矛盾进行了剖 析，力图还原出《尝试集》出版前后的复杂历史境遇。 关键词：尝试集；五四；现代性；传统文化 2 Abstract 1 HuShi’s Changshi ji, was an important literature in the history of Chinese modern poetry. Because it was on the key turning point while Chinese traditional culture transformed to the modern stage, it was also important on the history of Chinese poetry and culture. Changshi ji, which was a specimen of the transformation of Chinese traditional poetry to the modern ones, was not only the first personal vernacular poetry, but also the source of modern poetry‘s history. This paper focus on Changshi ji, and by discussing three questions flowing: the specific path of the generation of “Changshi”, the preset and establishment of the literature’s value, the internal contradiction and external conflicts of the literature, it represents the history of the modern poetry’s generation and earns more knowledge about the diversity and complexity of Chinese poetry’s transformation. There were always large amount of people who appealed for the poetry revolution on history. This literary phenomenon started to change radically since late Qing’s period for