松动与解体 _ 粮食统购统销制度研究(1978-1985) _ 以江苏省溧阳县为个案.pdf

摘要 学术界对1978年前的粮食统购统销制度的研究较多，并有部分学者从基层展开对其 的研究，但对该制度改革开放之后的专门研究却很少，还没有基层个案研究。因此，本 文在基层档案、粮食工作史料、统计年鉴和人民日报等原始资料的基础上，以1978—1985 年作为研究的主要时段，具体的时间适当前后延伸，即上启 20 世纪 50 年代，下至 20 世纪90 年代粮食统销制度的取消。 本文主要考察粮食统购统销制度在基层运行中的困境，及其在调整松动中走向终结， 其中对粮食征购、议购议销、粮食增产、粮食财政补贴的探讨是重中之重。其实，粮食 统购制度的终结是改革开放后粮食政策调整的必然结果，该制度的困境贯穿于制度具体 调整过程的始终。 文章主体部分是溧阳县粮食统购统销制度后期的历程，着重分析这一政策的松动终 结及其困境，文章的主体结构是：第一，粮食统购统销制度直观而简单的概况（1953-1978）。 第二，粮食统购统销制度调整的背景 （1978-1985），主要是经济体制改革带来的家庭联 产承包责任制的推行及其农村集贸市场的发展。以及该时期粮食统购统销制度在国家层 面的调整概况。第三，展现溧阳县粮食统购统销制度具体运行中的困境、转变及最终走 向解体，主要从粮食征购、议购议销、粮食流通、粮食财政补贴、“卖粮难”和奖售制 度等方面着手，从中窥视我国粮食统购统销制度具体运行中的困境及其解体历程。第四， 简要分析调解体后对农民受益、农村产业结构调整、粮食流通的影响。 关键词：粮食统购统销，松动，解体，困境，影响 Abstract Scholars have pay lot of attention to research the System of State Monopoly for the Purchase and Marketing of Grain which before 1978. Some of them start their research from the county. But the specially research of it that after the reform and opening are very rare. There is no case study on county. Therefore, this paper will use the county archives, historical materials of grain work, statistical yearbooks and Peoples Daily to research it from 1978 to 1985.It also contains 1950s and 1990s. I mainly discuss the plight of the System of State Monopoly for the Purchase and Marketing of Grain in county and its adjustment to the end. The state monopoly purchase of grain, the purchase and marketing on negotiation, the grain production and the grain financial subsidies are very important. In fact, the end of the system is the inevitable result of grain policy regulation after 1978. The plight of the system exists during all the adjustment process. The main part of the article is system of Liyang County in Jiangsu province from 1978 to 1985. I will emphatically analyze the adjustment and the end of the policy and its plight. The article has four main sections. The first par