地史学课程学习设计.docVIP

+ 《地史学》课程学习设计Ⅲ 作 者：宋海军 院 系：地球科学学院 班 级：基地班 学 号：010031-18 时 间：2005年5月24日 《地史学》课程学习设计Ⅲ 宋海军 地球科学学院基地班，010031-18 2005－05－20 (三) Prologue: Historical geology is the study of the origin and evolution of Earth. An important component of historical geology is understanding how we know what we know. Historical geology is, however, more than just a recitation of past events. It is the study of a dynamic planet that has changed continuously during the past 4.6 billion years –although not always at the same rate. Historical geology examines the origin and evolution of Earth , its continents、atmosphere、oceans and life .Geologists seek not only to place events in an orderly chronologic arrangement but also, more importantly, to explain how and why past events happened. It is one thing to observe in the fossil record that dinosaurs went extinct but quite another to ask how they became extinct. Geologists have long noted evidence in rocks of numerous mountain-building episodes. Only in the last few decades , however, has a theory emerged to provide geologists with a comprehensive model explaining how mountain-building occurs and how individual episodes of mountain-building may be relate to each other . In addition to aiding in the interpretation of Earth’s history, the basic principles of historical geology have practical applications. William Smith, an English surveyor and engineer, recognized that by studying the sequences of rocks and the fossils they contained, he could predict the kinds and thicknesses of rocks that would have to be excavated in the construction of canals. The same principles Smith used in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are still used today in mineral and oil exploration. 地史学也称为历史地质学（Historical Geology）是地质科学的重要组成部分，是研究地球及其生物界的形成和发展历史的科学。它是一门综合性的学科，涉及大气圈、生物圈、水圈、岩石圈演化及其相关系等方面，其目的是探讨地壳及地表在过去地质时期中的经历和变迁，阐明地壳发展历史的规律。地史学研究的内容主要包括沉积古地理学、地层学、历史大地构造学。 地 史 学 沉 积 古 地 理 学 相 概 念 及 定 律 沉积环境 一个具有独特的物理、化学和生物特征的自然地理单元。 沉积相 反映沉积记录成因