马来西亚博特拉国立大学零起点非华裔生汉字学习情况及书写偏误分析.pdf

摘 要 在二十一世纪，汉语热卷席全球，人人纷纷学习汉语。因此，汉语作为第二语 言教学迅速发展，而汉字对汉语教学来说无疑是个艰巨的一环，因为汉字非表音文 字而是方块字。更何况汉字是个庞大的字符集，特别是对于非汉字文化圈的成年学 习者来说，汉字与其母语更是两种截然不同的书写系统。他们学习汉字比汉字文化 圈学习者来得更加困难，汉字书写偏误也明显显著。有鉴于此，本文研究通过问卷、 收集文本语料和访问，探讨马来西亚博特拉大学非华裔生汉字学习情况及书写偏误， 并对其偏误做出适当的教学建议。 本文调查发现，在汉字学习情况方面，研究对象虽学习态度良好，但学习动机 中等、学习策略属机械性、对汉字概念了解不深入的情况下，常常出现汉字偏误。 在汉字偏误分析方面，本文调查发现非华裔生常犯的是错字笔画类偏误，而此偏误 当中，笔画失准是偏误最高的类型。此外，笔画数越多、部件数越多、结构越复杂， 他们越容易犯错误。所以，汉字的笔画数和部件数与学习者掌握汉字书写有影响。 另外，笔画 “钩”对非华裔生来说易产生偏误，结构则是左右结构对非华裔生来说 易产生偏误。而他们易产生偏误的汉字则主要有“钱、橘、我、银、学、美、弟” 等。 偏误的产生必定有其原因，通过调查发现，笔者认为造成汉字偏误的原因有汉 字本身独特的书写系统因素、学生因素和教师因素。最后，笔者针对调查发现提出 了教学建议，希望通过本研究能对马来西亚对外汉语教学给予贡献。 关键词：汉字学习情况，零起点，汉字偏误，偏误原因，教学建议 ABSTRACT In the 21st century, Chinese heat globalized, Chinese has emerged as the new must have language in many countries. Lots of people started to learn Mandarin. Therefore, Teaching Chinese as Foreign language developed rapidly. Chinese character is difficult for Teaching Chinese as Foreign Language because Chinese character is logogram, not phonogram. Moreover, Chinese character is a huge character set, especially for adult learners of “non-Chinese character culture circle”, Chinese writing system is totally different from their first language. For them, learning Chinese character is much more difficult than the “Chinese character culture circle” learners, their writing error obviously significant. With this in mind, this study focuses on Chinese Learning and Writing error analysis of Non-Chinese Students from University Putra Malaysia through questionnaires. After analyzed those writing error, researcher proposed some learning and teaching suggestions for improving and enhancing Chinese character learning. Through the survey investigation, we found out, for leaning in Chinese ch