优化设计2014高考英语（人教版）语法专题：5连词和状语从句.docVIP

语法专题五　连词和状语从句 考点一　连词 在句中连接单词、短语、从句或者句子的词为连词。根据句子的结构特点，连词通常分为并列连词和从属连词。 1．并列连词按照在句中的作用可分为：表并列关系的连词(and，as well as，both...and...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等)、表转折关系的连词(but，yet，however，while，nevertheless等)、表选择关系的连词(or，either...or...，otherwise等)、表因果关系的连词(for，so，therefore等)。 —Why do you like staying in Guiyang? —Because the weather there is neither too hot nor too cold. 2．引导名词性从句或状语从句的主要有以下从属连词： that，whether，if，as，when，while，till，until，since，after，before，because，though，although，so...that，where等。 I arrived after he left. 考点二　时间状语从句 1．when，while，as都可译为“当……的时候”，但侧重点有所不同。 当主句动作是瞬时的，从句动作是延续的时，三者都可以用。 as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。 while从句的谓语必须是延续的，不能是非延续性动词。 She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing，and we felt happy when we got home. 我们一边走她一边唱，她唱的时候我认真听。到家的时候我们感觉很高兴。 2．until 和not...until until 要与延续性动词连用；not...until 要与非延续性动词连用。 He didnt go to bed until his father came back. 3．特殊的时间状语从句的引导词 1)the moment，the minute，the instant，the second；no sooner...than...；hardly/scarcely...when...等以及表示瞬间的directly，immediately，表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...结构中no sooner和hardly/scarcely引导的句子中谓语动词通常用过去完成时，而than和when引导的句子中谓语动词通常要用一般过去时，此外，no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时，句子应用部分倒装语序。 Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 2)next time，the first time，last time，every time，the spring (summer，autumn，winter)等，这类短语名词直接用作连词引导时间状语从句。 Every time I see him he wears a pleasant smile. 4．by the time 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为“到……时为止”，主句一般用完成时态。 By the time he was fourteen，Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.(从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时) 5．几组固定形式 1)It will be＋一段时间＋before...多久之后才…… 2)It is＋一段时间＋since...自从……以来已有多长时间了。 3)be about to do...when...；be doing...when...；on the point of doing...when... It will be two days before he returns. It is three years since I came here. I was doing my homework when my cousin came. 考点三　结果状语从句 其常用句型： so＋形容词/副词＋that从句 so＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that从句 so＋many/much/little(少)/few＋名词＋tha