优化设计2014高考英语（人教版）语法专题：7虚拟语气.docVIP

语法专题七　虚拟语气[来源:中§教§网z§z§s§tep] 英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。 考点一　虚拟语气用于条件句中 1．表示与现在事实相反：条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式用were)；主句中谓语动词用would(should，could，might)＋动词原形。 If I were you，I would study hard. 2．表示与过去事实相反：条件状语从句中谓语动词用had＋过去分词；主句中谓语动词用would(should，could，might)＋have＋过去分词。 If he had taken my advice，he would have passed the test. 3．表示与将来的事实相反：条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时或should ＋动词原形或were to＋动词原形；主句中谓语动词用would(should，could，might)＋动词原形。 If it were to rain tomorrow，they would not go to the cinema. 注意：1)if条件句中只要用了过去的时态就说明该句要使用虚拟语气。 2)if条件句中只出现一个表示与将来事实相反的情态动词should。 3)含有if条件句的虚拟语气中，主句都要用情态动词，且都可理解为过去式。 考点二　wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法 在wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句中通常用虚拟语气。从句中谓语动词的构成形式为： 1．表示对现在情况的虚拟，从句中谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)。 I wish it were spring now. 2．表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句中谓语动词常用had＋ 过去分词。 I wish he had come yesterday. 3．表示对将来的主观愿望，从句中动词常用would/could/might＋动词原形。 I wish it would be fine tomorrow.[来源:中.教.网z.z.s.tep] 考点三　谓语动词必须用“(should)＋动词原形”的情况 1．表示“建议，要求，命令”的动词：一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三建议(suggest，propose，advise)，四要求(demand，require，request，ask) 后面的宾语从句或是由it作形式主语的主语从句中的谓语动词要用“(should)＋动词原形”。这些词相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词也要用“(should)＋动词原形”。 The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be handed in on time. It is suggested that the meeting (should)be put off. My idea is that we (should)think it over. 注意：suggest作“表明，暗示”讲时，不用虚拟语气；insist作“坚持认为”讲时，不用虚拟语气。 The smile on his face suggested he was happy. The boy insisted he hadnt stolen the money. 2．在It is important /strange/ natural/ necessary/a pity/a shame等＋that从句，表示情绪、观点等，主语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer. 考点四　虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用 1．在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下： 主语＋as if/ though ＋主语＋一般过去时(从句的动作与主句动作同时发生) 主语＋as if/ though ＋主语＋would/could＋动词原形(从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生) 主语＋as if/ though ＋主语＋过去完成时(从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前) He talks as if he knew all about it. He walked slowly as though he had hurt his leg. 2．在It is (high) time that...句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用shoul