Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Overview.pdfVIP

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Overview.pdf

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VIROLOGICASINICA,August2013,28(4):193-201 DoI10.1007/s12250.013.3327—4 www.vlrosln.org Email:info@virosin.org Review Crimean-CongoHemorrhagicFever:AnOverview SerkanOncii~ DepartmentofInfectiousDiseasesandClinicalMicrobiology,AdnanMenderesUniversityMedicalFaculty,Aydin 0910~Turkey Crimean.Congohemorrhagicfever(CCHF)isazoonoticviralinfectionthatisaseriousthreattohumans.Thedisease iswidelydistributedjnAfrica.Asia.andEuropeandhasdevelopedintoaseriOUSpublichealthconcern.Humans becomeinfectedthroughthebitesofticks。bycontactwith apatientwithCCHF,orbycontactwithbloodortissues rfom viremiclivestock.Microvascularinstabilityandimpairedhemostasisarethehallmarksoftheinfection.Infection inhumanbeginswithnonspecificfebrilesymptoms,butmayprogresstoaserioushemorrhagicsyndromewithhilgh mortalityrates.Enzyme—linkedimmunoassay(ELISA)andpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)arethemostusedand specifictestsforthediagnosis.Themainstayoftreatmentissupportive.Althoughdefinitivestudiesarenotavailable, ribavirin issuggestedtobeeffective especially attheearlierphaseoftheinfection.Usesofuniversalprotective measuresarethebestwaytoavoidtheinfection.Inthisreview,allaspectsofCCHF areoverviewedin lightofthe currentliterautre. Crimean—CongoHemorrhagicFever;Epidemiology;Transmission;Pathogenesis;Diagnosis;Treatment;Prevention Introductioil climateandecology.theprevalenceofthediseaseis likely to spread into new regions in the near future Crimean-Congohemorrhagicfever(CCHV),fwstdescribed (LeblebiciogluH,2010;PurnakL eta1.,2007).Thus, inthemid一20thcenturyinCrimeaandlaterintheCongo. instead ofremaining a 1ocalhealth problem.CCHF is a zoonotic viralinfection that is asymptomatic in should berecognized asaglobalhealththreat.In this animalsbutaseriousthreattohumans(ErgonulO,2006). review,allaspectsofCCHFareconsideredinlightofthe Currently,itisoneofhtemostwidely distributedviral

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