HowRandomAccessMemory(RAM)WorksbyJeffTyson：如何随机存取存储器（RAM）杰夫泰森的舞台.docVIP

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HowRandomAccessMemory(RAM)WorksbyJeffTyson：如何随机存取存储器（RAM）杰夫泰森的舞台.doc

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How Random Access Memory (RAM) Worksby Jeff Tyson Random access memory (RAM) is the best known form of computer memory. But the way it works and what the different terms mean can be very confusing. In this edition of How Stuff Works, youll learn what RAM is, what kind you should buy and how to install it. This article is one in a series of articles dealing with computer memory, including: How Computer Memory Works How Random Access Memory (RAM) Works How Virtual Memory Works How Read-Only Memory (ROM) Works How Flash Memory Works How BIOS Works RAM is considered random access because you can access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell. The opposite of RAM is serial access memory (SAM). SAM stores data as a series of memory cells that can only be accessed sequentially (like a cassette tape). If the data is not in the current location, each memory cell is checked until the needed data is found. SAM works very well for memory buffers, where the data is normally stored in the order it will be used. A good example is the texture buffer memory on a video card. How RAM WorksSimilar to a microprocessor, a memory chip is an integrated circuit (IC) made of millions of transistors and capacitors. In the most common form of computer memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a transistor and a capacitor are paired to create a memory cell, which represents a single bit of data. The capacitor holds the bit of information -- a 0 or a 1 (see How Bits and Bytes Work for information on bits). The transistor acts as a switch that lets the control circuitry on the memory chip read the capacitor or change its state. A capacitor is like a small bucket that is able to store electrons. To store a 1 in the memory cell, the bucket is filled with electrons. To store a 0, it is emptied. The problem with the capacitors bucket is that it has a leak. In a matter of a few milliseconds a full bucket becomes empty. Therefore, for dynamic