溶胶-凝胶法制备透明超疏水涂层.pdf

溶胶-凝胶法制备透明超疏水涂层 摘 要 超疏水表面具有很多独特的表面性能：如自清洁性、防污特性、疏 水、疏油、低摩擦系数等特性，这些特殊性能使其在很多领域具有巨大 的应用价值。透明超疏水表面除了上述超疏水的特性如果对可见光具有 良好的透过性，可以将其应用到汽车、飞机等挡风玻璃，高层建筑幕墙 玻璃等等，具有更为广阔的应用前景，是目前超疏水表面方向上的一个 研究热点。但是目前已经报道的方法，如 PE-CVD、溶胶-凝胶、升华法 等等存在一定的弱点，如制备技术上缺乏大规模制备的操作性、制备条 件苛刻、成本昂贵等，因此，研究成本低廉、过程可控、尺寸可调、适 用性好、适合大面积制备的透明超疏水表面的制备方法非常有意义。 本文通过溶胶-凝胶技术，在表面粗糙度和光学透过率之间取得一 个合适的平衡点，探索一种透明基底上制备透明超疏水涂层的方法。采 用氧化铝和二氧化硅两种溶胶体系制备涂层，并用FE-SEM、AFM、FT-IR、 UV-Vis、CA 等手段对所制得的透明超疏水涂层进行表征，得到了接触角 大于 150 度、滚动角低于5 度并且具有较高可见光透过率的透明超疏水 涂层，所用的方法操作简单、成本低廉、适合大规模制备。同时还讨论 了不同实验条件对涂层性能的影响并用 Cassie 模型对所制备的涂层进 行理论分析。 关键词 超疏水，透明，溶胶-凝胶，涂层，接触角，可见光透过率 FABRICATION OF TRANSPARENT SUPERHYDROPHOBIC COATINGS WITH SOL-GEL METHOD ABSTRACT A surface with water contact angle higher than 150° is called a superhydrophobic surface, it has many unique surface properties, like self-cleaning, anti-stain, hydrophobic, oleophobic and low friction, etc. These properties make the superhrophobic surfaces potentially applicable in many areas. Transparent superhydrophobic surface is one of the special hydrophobic surfaces, which has high transmittance of the visible light, and it can be used not only in windshields of cars and aircrafts, building glass, but also for the hulls of ships and tubes or pipes. Because of their enormous application potential, these surfaces have been the subject of great interest and extensive studies in recent years. But only few methods have been developed to fabricate transparent superhydrophobic surfaces so far, including plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD), sol-gel, sublimation, phase separation and so on. These methods mentioned above have some disadvanta