临床麻醉学[宝典].ppt

临床麻醉学（Clinical Anesthesiology）绪论（Introduction） The term “anesthesia”( 麻醉) is derived from Greek Word, it means “lack of feeling or sensation ” or“privation of senses ” im plying lack of appreciation. The usual concept for anesthesia relates primarily to the prevention of pain perception during an operation or an invasive procedure . But , this concept is out of date now. In general , anesthesia can be defined as a drug-induced or physical factors-induced state of reversible functional depression of part of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system,which is characterized by loss of sensation ,especially pain perception . The increasing complex nature of operations sparked the development of anesthesia . Advance in related basic science especially in research in anesthesia per se ,and the development of new agents ,adjuvants , eguipments, technigues and capacity of sustaining life had changed and broadened anesthesia into a discipline concerned with more than relief of pain . over the past 5~6 decades ,anesthesiology(麻醉学) has emerged as a clearly defined specialty and firmly established . The evolution of modern anesthesiology may be devided into 3 stages : 1、麻醉（anesthesia） 2、临床麻醉学(Clinical anesthesiology) 3、麻醉与危重病医学(anesthesiology and critical care medicine) department of anesthesiology and resuscitation  department of anesthesiology and critical care medicine . 一、麻醉学发展简史 (The history of anesthesia ) 1、Ancient times （1）Acupuncture analgesia 内经475~221 B.C. （2）华陀(141~203 )麻沸散 （3）Ancient Egyptians used The combination of opium poppy and hyoscyamus （4）The Incas may be the earliest to use local anesthesia . 2、Modern anesthesiology （1）Inhalational Anesthesia (吸入麻醉) 1844 Horace wells N2 0 (氧化亚氮) △ 1846 William T.G. Morton Ether (乙醚) 1847 James Simpson chloroform(氯仿) △ 1920 Arthur E. Guedel was the first