翻译练习题课件.ppt

翻译练习题 解题方法： 第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态,语态，语气 When I came back, I found that my parents had done the dinner___(晚饭准备好了) 　　所谓形式包括： 1．词组固定搭配（不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等） 2．虚拟 3．被动 所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。 第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。---动词的时态，语态，和语气、 翻译注意事项： 第一步：首先看懂英文，也许已经给你主语或宾语了或者限制了中文翻译的结构和时态等。 When I came back, I found that my parents had done the dinner___(晚饭准备好了) 第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。 注意谓语动词的时态（过去时，现在时，将来时？），语态（主动还是被动？）和语气（虚拟语气吗？） 第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。名词注意单复数和是否该名词前是否需要冠词。 汉译英的句法处理 主语的确定 确定主语时，必须符合英语的语言习惯和英美等国的文化习惯： 热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作，建立和发展贸易关系 Customers from various countries and regions are warmly welcome to establish and develop business contacts. 希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市 It is hoped that Shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future. 确定主语时，必须符合英美人的思维方式 她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人 It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man 确定主语必须是句中应突出的信息 我给你打国际直拨就和给楼下的Tom带电话差不多，一拨就通 An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to Tom downstairs 谓语的选择 选择的谓语必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致 当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展 选择的谓语必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致 当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展 Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on energetically in our country. 选择谓语必须保持与原文语义相吻合 他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起了化学药物爆炸 His absent-mindedness during the experiment nearly caused an explosion of the chemical. 所选谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当 从这次讲座中我们学到了许多美国历史方面的知识 We obtained much knowledge of American history from the lecture 1．I have had great deal of trouble _____________________________________. (跟上班上的其他同学) 2．___________________________________ (我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital. 3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,___________________(正如预料的那样). 4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much__________________________________(是一门科学，也是一门艺术). 5. Some women _____________________________________ (本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of