为什么愚公会成为中国人的榜样？的论文.docVIP

为什么愚公会成为中国人的榜样？的论文 为什么愚公会成为中国人的榜样？的论文 摘要 中国古代农学家在探讨农业技术的同时，也不忽视对于掌握技术的人的认识。他们认为，天、地、人三才之中，人是农业生产中最重要的因素，而人的因素又是由“人和”及“人力”构成，人和需要靠道德来维系，人力又包括智力和体力两个部分，于是三才中的人又可分解为德、智、体三个方面。本文就传统农学理论中有关“力与勤”、“智与善”、“脑与体”、“和为贵”、良农的“选与用”、“家庭”，“邻里”等与对人的认识有关的问题进行了初步的探讨，并进一步讨论了这种关于“人”的认识对于中国传统农业及科学技术发展的影响。文章认为，传统农学理论在关于人的认识方面，虽然认识到了“智力”或“知识”的作用，但尊重知识并没有成为一种社会的共识。重体轻脑，重德轻艺的片面认识，阻碍了农业科学技术的进步，也影响了生产力的发展，反过来又强化了体力和道德的作用。全文穿插着对于古代寓言愚公移山的解析。 关键词: 德、智、体、人、愚公、传统农学理论 bstract traditional chinese scholars concerned very much about human being while they are doing the research about nature. they believed the human being is the most important factor in agriculture, military affairs and other activities, which is more important than heaven and earth. as human factor was often mentioned as ren li ( 人力，manpower ) and ren he ( 人和，harmonious relations), and manpower is composed of physical power and intelligence, and harmonious relations are maintained by morality, human factor was divided into three aspects of virtue, intelligence and physique. this paper discusses some topics, such as manpower, diligence, intelligence, choice and use of talents, and family and neighbor relations that related with the knowledge about human being in traditional chinese agricultural theory, and the influence of this knowledge upon the development of science and technology. it suggests that the unilateral knowledge about human of less science than virtue and less intelligence than diligence hindered the development of science and technology in china, and reversely, it enhanced the effect of human harmony and physical power. that is also the reason why the fabulous figure yugong (literally ‘foolish old man’) is our model. key words: virtue, intelligence，physique, human being, yugong (literally ‘foolish old man’), traditional chinese agricultural theory. 愚公移山，是《列子·汤问篇》中的一则寓言，说的是愚公因太形、王屋二山阻碍出入，想把山移平，却遭到其妻和河曲智叟的质疑和嘲笑，但他不为所动，每天挖山不止。w1945年6月11日，毛泽东在中共第七次全国代表大会上所作的闭幕词就以《愚公移山》为题，并引述了这则寓言，[i]后来这个闭幕词连同毛泽东的另外两篇文章《纪念白求恩》和《为人民服务》，在