經典的再詮釋－顧炎武對《春秋》及《左傳》的詮釋的论文.docVIP

經典的再詮釋－顧炎武對《春秋》及《左傳》的詮釋的论文 經典的再詮釋－顧炎武對《春秋》及《左傳》的詮釋的论文 内容提要：清代的史学大师章学诚(1738-1801)曾说过:「史之大原, 本乎《春秋》, 《春秋》之义昭乎笔削…. 」。《春秋》一书是中国史学的起源及最具代表性的著作,且是孔子唯一所写的经典,两千年来不少学者对此书有相当多的研究而《左传》是否是对《春秋》经的解释也有不同的说法, 或谓其为解经之书, 也有是说乃《左氏春秋》, 遭后人加入解经之内容, 晋朝的杜预对于《左传》的批注是历史上最著名也最权威的注, 但历来也有不少补充及修正。本文拟就明末清初的大儒顾亭林(1613-1682)对《春秋》及《左传》的认识及其解读、补充进行深入的探讨, 就其在《日知录》第四卷及《「左传」杜解补正》二书中对于《春秋》、《左传》二书的解读,更重要的是要探讨顾氏在这些诠释中所蕴涵的一些对于明亡清兴以及当时学术的看法。另外,也就顾氏之解经来反省中国经典的再诠释所蕴涵的意义。 关键词：顾炎武,春秋,左传,日知录,经典,诠释, 杜预, 左传杜解补正bstractthe annals of the spring and autumn was the origin of the chinese historical book and most representative. it is said that among the classics, it is the only one that confucius wrote. for over two thousand years, many scholars has written and interpreted about it. the writing and author of the famous the z commentaries has been controversial, but for sure it is related to the annals of the spring and autumn. du yu of the jin dynasty wrote an authoritative commentaries on both. they has been amended and criticized by many later scholars. gu yanwu was one of them.this essay tried to analyze and discuss the writings of gu on the annals of the spring and autumn , the z commentaries and du yus writings. it is to show that in gus reading and re-interpretation of the classis, what message are to be revealed? in what way gus re-interpretation of the classics was in accordance with the hermeneutics in the west. above all, it is to understand better not only the classics, but also gu yanwu himself. keywords: chunqiu, z zhuan, du yu, gu yanwu, rizhilu, zzhuan dujie buzheng, jingdian, hermeneutics一、《春秋》及《左傳》孟子提到《春秋》有好幾次：「世衰道微,邪說暴行有作,臣弒其君者有之,子弒其父者有之。孔子懼,作《春秋》。《春秋》,天子之事也。是故孔子曰：『知我者其惟《春秋》乎！罪我者其惟《春秋》乎！』」「孔子成《春秋》而亂臣賊子懼。」「王者之跡熄而《詩》亡,《詩》亡然後《春秋》作。晉之《乘》、楚之《檮杌》,魯之《春秋》,一也：其事則齊桓、晉文,其文則史。」孔子曰：「其義則丘竊取之矣。」《史記》也有相關記載：「是以孔子明王道,干七十餘君,莫能用,故西觀周室,論史記舊聞,興於魯而次《春秋》,上記隱,下至哀之獲麟,約其辭文,去其煩重,以制義法,王道備,人事浹。七十子之徒,口受其傳指,為有所剌譏褒諱挹損之文辭,不可以書見也。」學者指出, 截至魯哀公十四年「西狩獲麟」為止, 《春秋》及《左傳》之間, 從經文角度來看, 直接由後者解前者的約有一千三百條, 與經文關係密切的有一百多條, 兩者關係不大的有三百條。而在解經的多數條目是通過補