计算机专业英语电子教案支丽平 第2章.ppt

Unit 2 Hardware System of Computer 教学目标 教学内容 教学目标 了解计算机的体系结构 了解CPU的组成 理解指令执行周期的过程 了解主板的功能 了解存储器的分类 了解常见的输入、输出设备 了解扩展槽的相关知识 教学内容 Text 1 Computer Hardware Architecture Text 2 CPU architectures Text 3 Motherboard Text 4 Storage Text 5 Input Output Devices Text 6 Expansion Cards Text 1 Computer Hardware Architecture Main Contents Words and Expressions Exercises Text 1 Computer Hardware Architecture A computer system is comprised of the five building blocks, as well as additional peripheral support devices, which aid in data movement and processing. These basic building blocks are used to form the general processing, control, storage, and input and output units that make up modern computer systems. Devices typically are organized in a manner that supports the application processing for which the computer system is intended, for example, if massive amounts of data need to be stored, then additional peripheral storage devices such as disks or tape units are required, along with their required controllers or data channels. Text 1 Computer Hardware Architecture A computer systems architecture is constructed using basic building blocks, such as CPUs, memories, disks, I/O, and other devices as needed. Text 1 Computer Hardware Architecture To better describe the variations within architectures we will discuss some details briefly, for example, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the control unit are merged together into a central processing unit or CPU. The CPU controls the flow of instructions and data in the computer system. Memories can be broken down into hierarchies based on nearness to the CPU and speed of access-for example, cache memory is small, extremely fast memory used for instructions and data actively executing and being used by the CPU and usually resides on the same board or chip as the CPU. The primary memory is slower, but it is also cheaper and contains more memory locations. It is used to store data and instructions t