双语09-螺旋体.ppt

第1７章 其他原核细胞微生物第四节 螺旋体 spirochete  是一类细长、柔软、螺旋状、运动活泼的原核细胞型微生物。 (the spirochetes are a group of thin,soft,helical,actively motile prokaryotes) 基本结构与细菌相似，例如有细胞壁、原始核质，以二分裂方式繁殖和对抗生素等药物敏感等 (the spirochetes in many ways are like bacteria, which possess basic structures such as cell wall,prokaryotic nucleoid,reproduce by binary fission, and are sensitive to antibiotics.) 螺旋体的科family和属genus 螺旋体 引起人类疾病 病原体 螺旋体科 密螺旋体属(Treponema) 梅毒 苍白密螺旋体苍白亚种 疏螺旋体属(Borrelia) 莱姆病 伯氏疏螺旋体 流行性回归热 回归热疏螺旋体 钩端螺旋体科 钩端螺旋体属(Leptospira) 钩端螺旋体病 问号状钩端螺旋体 一 、苍白密螺旋体苍白亚种（梅毒螺旋体） T.pallidum subsp.pallidum 抵抗力（resistance）－极弱(very weak) 不能在无活细胞的人工培养基（artificial media）中生长繁殖 (can not grow in cell-free media) 在家兔上皮细胞培养中能有限生长，繁殖慢：30h/代。 (limited growth is achieved in cultured rabbit epithelial cells, but replication is slow, generation time:30h) 致病性（pathogenecity）与免疫性（immunity） 致病物质 (Pathogenic factors) : 外膜蛋白(Outer membrane proteins) → 黏附(adherence to host cell) 透明质酸酶(hyaluronidase)→ 扩散(promoting invasion) 宿主细胞纤维粘连蛋白覆于其表面(Coating of host fibronectin → protects against phagocytosis.) 所致疾病---梅毒 (syphilis ) 人是梅毒的唯一传染源 (humans are the only source of infection) 获得性 ----------性接触传播 (acquired syphilis---------sexual contact)) 先天性 ----------母体→胎盘→胎儿 (congenital syphilis------pregnant woman → placenta → fetus) 免疫性(immunity) -------------感染性免疫(infection immunity) 细胞免疫比体液免疫重要 (cell-mediated immunity is more important than humoral immunity for the disease) Ⅲ期(晚期)梅毒)：感染性小，破坏性大 tertiary syphilis: little infectious but highly destructive. Tertiary syphilis occurs from as early as two years after the initial infection but can take up to ten years to manifest. Vi