Chap29 通货膨胀与失业之间的短期权衡取舍.ppt

通货膨胀与失业之间的短期权衡取舍The Short-Run Tradeoff between Inflation and Unemployment 第29章 Chapter 29 （对应教材35章） 失业与通货膨胀Unemployment and Inflation 自然失业率取决于劳动市场的各种特点。 The natural rate of unemployment depends on various features of the labor market. 例如，最低工资法、工会的市场势力、效率工资的作用、以及寻找工作的有效性。 Examples include minimum-wage laws, the market power of unions, the role of efficiency wages, and the effectiveness of job search. 失业与通货膨胀Unemployment and Inflation 通货膨胀主要取决于由美联储控制的货币量增长。 The inflation rate depends primarily on growth in the quantity of money, controlled by the Fed. 把通货膨胀和失业率加在一起得出了一个遗憾指数，用来衡量经济状况是否正常。 The misery index, one measure of the “health” of the economy, adds together the inflation rate and unemployment rate. 失业与通货膨胀Unemployment and Inflation 社会面临着通货膨胀和失业之间的短期权衡取舍。 Society faces a short-run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation. 如果决策者扩大总需求，则可以减少失业，但这以更高的通货膨胀为代价。 If policymakers expand aggregate demand, they can lower unemployment, but only at the cost of higher inflation. 如果决策者紧缩总需求，则可以降低通货膨胀，但这以暂时的高失业作为代价。 If they contract aggregate demand, they can lower inflation, but at the cost of temporarily higher unemployment. 菲利普斯曲线The Phillips Curve 菲利普斯曲线描述了通货膨胀与失业之间的短期关系。 The Phillips curve illustrates the short-run relationship between inflation and unemployment. 菲利普斯曲线The Phillips Curve... 总需求、总供给与菲利普斯曲线Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and the Phillips Curve 菲利普斯曲线简单地说明了，短期中出现的通货膨胀与失业的结合是由于总需求曲线的移动使经济沿着短期总供给曲线变动。 The Phillips curve shows the short-run combinations of unemployment and inflation that arise as shifts in the aggregate demand curve move the economy along the short-run aggregate supply curve. 总需求、总供给与菲利普斯曲线Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and the Phillips Curve 产品与劳务的总需求越大，经济产量越多，总物价水平就越高。 The greater the aggregate demand for goods and services, the greater is the economy’s output, and the higher is the overall price level. 较高的产量水平意味着较低的失业水平。 A higher level of output results in a lower l