财政学第八版英文版答案.docVIP

Instructor’s Manual to accompanyPublic Finance, Eighth Edition, by Harvey S. Rosen and Ted Gayer Suggested Answers to End-of-Chapter Discussion Questions Some of the questions have no single “correct” answer – reasonable people can go off in different directions. In such cases, the answers provided here sketch only a few possibilities. Chapter 1 - Introduction 1. a. Putin’s statement is consistent with an organic conception of government. Individuals and their goals are less important than the state. Locke makes a clear statement of the mechanistic view of the state in which individual liberty is of paramount importance. 2. Libertarians believe in a very limited government and are skeptical about the ability of government to improve social welfare. Social democrats believe that substantial government intervention is required for the good of individuals. Someone with an organic conception of the state believes that the goals of society are set by the state and individuals are valued only by their contribution to the realization of social goals. a. A law prohibiting gambling would probably be opposed by a libertarian and advocated by a social democrat. Someone with an organic conception of the state would first decide whether gambling would help to achieve the state’s goals before taking a position on this issue. If the view is that gambling keeps individuals from being productive, then someone with an organic view would probably be in favor of prohibiting it, but if gambling is considered a good way to raise more revenue for the state, then they might oppose the prohibition. Libertarians oppose the law mandating seat belt use, arguing that individuals can best decide whether or not to use seat belts without government coercion. Social democrats take the position that the mandate saves lives and ultimately benefits individuals. The organic view would probably lead to favoring the mandate on the grounds that reduced health care costs caused by fewer accidents