061《经济学家》读译参考之六十一：你的“苹果”有多绿？－电子产品面对环保问题.docVIP

TEXT 61 How green is your Apple? 你的“苹果”有多绿？（陈继龙 编译） Aug 25th 2006 From The Economist print edition （1）DISPOSING of computers, monitors, printers and mobile phones is a large and growing environmental problem. Some 20m-50m tonnes of “e-waste” is produced each year, most of which ends up in the developing world. According to the European Union, e-waste is now the fastest-growing category. Last month new rules came into force in both Europe and California to oblige the industry to take responsibility for it. In Europe the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive limits the use of many toxic materials in new electronic products sold in the European Union. In California mobile-phone r________① must now take back and recycle old phones. 废旧电脑、显示器、打印机和手机的处理是一个日趋严重的环境问题。每年大约有2～5千万吨“电子废品”形成，其中大部分是在发展中国家。欧盟认为“电子废品”是目前增长速度最快的一类“产品”。上个月，欧洲和美国加里福利亚均出台了新规定，要求电子产业要为此负责。欧洲的《有害物质限制使用规定》对在欧盟范围内销售的新电子产品涉及的众多有毒物质都进行了使用限定。加里福利亚则规定手机零售商现在必须对旧手机进行回收和废物处理。 Many technology firms are already eliminating certain chemicals and offering recycling schemes to help their customers dispose of obsolete equipment. Yet there is a wide variation in just how green different companies are, according to Greenpeace, an environmental l_______② group that launches a new e-waste campaign on August 25th. （2）It has ranked the top mobile-phone and PC-makers based on their progress in eliminating chemicals and in taking back and recycling products. 许多科技公司都正在去除产品中所含的特定化学物质，并向客户提供废物处理方案，以帮助其处理陈旧设备。不过据绿色和平组织称，不同公司的环保状况存在很大差异。该组织是一个环境问题游说团体，它于8月25日发起了一项新的“电子废品”运动。它根据手机和个人电脑制造商在去除化学物质以及产品回收和废物再利用方面的进展情况，对一些顶级制造商进行了排名。 The RoHS rules ban products containing any more than trace amounts of lead, mercury, cadmium[1] and other hazardous substances, including some nasty materials called brominated flame-retardants (BFRs)[2]. To do well in Greenpeaces rankings, firms must make sure both products and production processes are free of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)[3] and some BFRs that are not on the RoHS list. （3）Greenpe