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jxks【精品】各省市高考真题分类汇编.doc
2013年各省市高考真题分类汇编(15套待续)
目录
1. 走近细胞及细胞的物质组成·······································2
2. 细胞的结构····························································4
3. 物质的输入和输出···················································7
4. 酶与ATP································································7
5. 呼吸作用和光合作用················································9
6. 细胞的生命历程······················································23
7. 遗传规律·······························································27
8. 遗传的细胞基础······················································32
9. 伴性遗传和人类遗传病·············································34
10.遗传的分子基础······················································40
11.生物的变异、育种与进化··········································44
12.人体的内环境与稳态················································54
13.人和动物生命活动的调节··········································55
14.植物的激素调节······················································68
15.种群和群落····························································73
16.生态系统与环境保护················································81
17.生物技术实践·························································86
18.现代生物科技·························································92
19.实验·····································································90
1、走近细胞及细胞的物质组成
(2013江苏卷)1.下列关于生物体内有机物的叙述正确的是
A. 脂质不参与生命活动的调节 B. 蛋白质是生物体主要的能源物质
C. 核酸是生物体储存遗传信息的物质 D. 糖类不参与细胞识别和免疫调节
【答案】C
【解析】有的脂质参与生命活动的调节,如性激素(属于固醇类)参与激素调节,A错误;生物体主要的能源物质是糖类,B错误;核酸是生物体储存遗传信息的物质,DNA是主要的遗传物质,C正确;细胞识别主要与细胞表面的糖蛋白有关,糖蛋白是由多糖和蛋白质结合形成,D错误。
【试题评价】该题对生物体内的有机物的基础知识,及与生命活动的关系进行考查,涉及面较宽,但难度不大,旨在考查学生的识记与理解能力。
(2013大纲卷)3.关于HIV的叙述,正确的是
A. HIV在活细胞外能大量增殖
B. HIV仅含有核糖体这一种细胞器
C. HIV主要攻击B细胞,使人体无法产生抗体
D. 艾滋病患者的血液中可以检出HIV这种病毒
【答案】D
【解析】HIV是病毒,必须依赖活细胞才能大量繁殖,A错误;HIV不含有核糖体,B错误;HIV主要攻击T细胞,C错误;HIV通过体液传播,所以在患者的血液中能够检出HIV,D正确。
【试题点评】本题综合了病毒、细胞器和免疫调节相关知识,考查学生的知识综合运用能力。难度适中。
(2013重庆卷)1.下列有关细胞物质组成的叙述,正确的是
A.在人体活细胞中氢原子的数目最多
B.DNA和RNA分子的碱基组成相同
C.多糖在细胞中不与其他分子相结合
D.蛋白质区别于脂质的特有元素是氮
【答案】A
【解析】人体活细胞中水含量最多,因而
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