英语语法教学课件：英语句子概论.ppt

* * * 英语句子概论 英语句子概论 基本成分 附属成分 独立成分 省略成分 连接成分 简单句 并列句 复合句 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 （ S + Vi ） 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表 (S + LV + predicative) 主语＋双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S +Vt +IO(人)+DO(物)) 主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋宾语 ＋宾语补语 (S + Vt. + O + OC) There + be / stand/ lie / live... 简单句的五种基本句型 主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。 完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。 noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语 宾补 表语 宾语(间) 宾语(直) Vt V-l Vi Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive be / feel / seem / look appear / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste / smell etc. noun pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed clause etc. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches. 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ 宾语 She likes English. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 主语补语 She is happy． 主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语 She gave John a book． She bought a book for me. 主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be There lies a book on the desk. 简单句基本句型实例 附属成分 基本成分的修饰语。可以是： 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。 定 语 Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby． She likes oranges imported from the USA. John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrations． Have you seen the book on the desk? The boy playing over there is my brother. People there like sports. John often came to chat with me． John likes oranges very much． Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry． Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. You’d better stay here. 状 语 Examples: Oh！What is that！（惊叹词） He has，alas，failed again． Come here，John．（呼语） Roll on，Ocean，roll on． 句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。 独立成分 （You） Come here． （I wish you）Good luck！ Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggs． He runs as fast as, if ( he d