英语语法 不定式.ppt

动词不定式 主动 被动 to do to be done to be doing / to have done to have been done （1）一般式：to do; to be done 表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后， 例如： He pretended to understand nothing. (_______)The patient asked to be operated on at once. (_______) （2）进行式：to be doing to be doing 表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： Don’t disturb him. He seems to be thinking about something important. 他们假装在吵架。_______________________________. （3）完成式：主动：to have done 被动： to have been done 表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I can tell you about the film because I happen to have seen the film. He seems ____________(听到过)some good news. He is so happy. 据说他被警察带走了。 He is said _________________________________. 不定式的句法功能： 1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 眼见为实。_____________________. 2)常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 多吃点蔬菜和水果是明智的选择。____________________________________________________. 常用句式有： 1、It+be+名词/形容词+to do 2、It takes (sb.)+sth+to do： 一个巴掌拍不响。_____________________________. 3、It+be+形容词+for sb +to do 4、It+be+形容词+of sb.+to do(常用: careless, careful; clever, wise, silly, stupid, foolish; honest, kind, nice, cruel, lazy, 等表示赞扬或批评人的形容词，句子可以转换成人作主语): It was wise of you to follow the doctor’s advice. =You were wise to follow the doctor’s advice.  （2）作表语： 联系动词+ to do 1）Her job now is to clean the hall. 2）He seems ____________ something disgraceful(不光彩的), for him looks so nervous. A. do B. to have done C. to be done D. to have been done 3）What I want to do now is __________ a good rest. I’m so tired. A. have B. having C. to have had D. have had （3）作宾语： vt. + to do 1)vt. + to do：(decide, expect, want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, etc.) He didn’t agree to lend