英语词汇学(第一讲).ppt

Lecture 1 (In American Sign Language) Examples of IQ Test Items IQ Issues IQ scores are influenced by: Socioeconomic status: middle class kids tend to do better than lower class kids Language status: children from the dominant culture tend to do better Age: IQ scores on timed tests tend to decline with age Heredity: IQ scores of identical twins raised apart are quite similar Statistical Norms for IQ Mental Retardation Mental retardation usually reflects below average intellectual functioning (IQ is less than 70) People can be retarded in most areas yet average or gifted in others Use these supplies to mount the candle on a wall Solution to Candle Problem Bees dance for their honey When bees find a new food source they go back to the hive and do a dance that tells the other bees the direction and distance of the food. Every movement has meaning To indicate a food source that is too distant from the hive to be smelled or seen, the scout bee dances on the honeycomb in the hive. If the food source is within about 50 meters (160 feet) of the hive, the bee does a circular dance on the honeycomb. The direction and angle the dancing bee cuts across the diameter of the circle reveal the direction of the food. If she wiggles across the circle straight up, the watching bees know they can find the food by flying towards the sun. If the dancing bee cuts across the circle at an angle, the others know they must fly to the right or left of the sun at the same angle the dancer moved to the right or left of an imagined vertical line. Dolphin 很久以前，渔民和海员们就发现，海豚会发出“的答”声、“咪咪”声、“啸啸”声等多种声音。 据说海豚能发出7000赫兹至12万赫兹的多种波长的高频超声波。 I. What is language? How many languages? 5000-7000 5651（德语言学家1979） 2796（法科学院） 2500-3500（国际辅助语协会） 6809（人类学家） Definition from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Language is a term most commonly used to refer to so-called “natural languages” — the spoken forms of communication ubiquitous among humankind. A language is a syst