机床主轴振动信号采集系统的设计.pdfVIP

机床主轴振动信号采集系统的设计 王晶晶，谷玉海，王夏伟 （北京信息科技大学；现代测控技术教育部重点实验室，北京 100192） 摘要：主轴是机床的关键部件，主轴的状态关系着机床能否正常运作。设计了一种机床主轴信号采集仪，对机床 主轴的运行状态进行监测。介绍了振动信号采集部分的设计，通过监测试验、数据分析，论证了振动采集部分设 计的可靠性，表明能够达到监测主轴运行状态的目的。本文设计的主轴信号采集仪简单、有效，具有较高的性价 比，可广泛应用于主轴信号数据采集系统。 关键词：机械学；机床主轴；信号采集仪 Design of Machine Tool Spindle Signal Acquisition Instrument WANG Jingjing, GU Yuhai, WANG Xiawei （Beijing Information Science and Technology University ；Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement Control Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100192, China ） Abstract：The spindle is the key component of the machine tool, the operation of the spindle is related to whether the running status of the machine tool is normal ．In this paper, we designed a machine tool spindle signal acquisition device to monitor the operating status of the machine tool spindle, and the design of vibration signal acquisition part is mainly introduced ．Next we carried on the experiment, and analysed the experimental data, then we had a conclusion that the design of vibration singal acquisition part was correct and it can achieve the purpose of monitoring spindle running state ．Finally we used synchronous acquisition card to collect the data in computer ．The spindle signal acquisition instrument is simple and effective, and has a high cost performance, it can be widely used in the spindle signal data acquisition system．The machine tool spindle signal acquisition device provides technical support for the spindle signal acquisition． Keywords：machanics, machine tool spindle, signal acquisition instrument 1 引言 主轴是机床的关键部件。机床主轴指机床上带动工件或刀具旋转的轴，通常由主轴、轴承和传动件等 组成主轴部件，在机器中主要用于支撑传功零件，如齿轮、带轮等。主轴传递着动力和各种负荷，其运行 状态影响整个机组的性能。主轴运转时有很多信息通过振动信号、温度信号等表现。例如，机床主轴轴承 故障、主轴偏心可通过振动信号的测量和分析反映；主轴的温度超过允许范围则会严重影响机床的加工精 [1] 度 。 在高速、高加速度和大载荷等工况下，振动