四六级考试常考重点语法：定语从句.docVIP

四六级考试常考重点语法：定语从句 一、定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。  例如： 1) The man who lives next to us is a fool.  2) You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.  上面两句中的the man和the house是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。  二、关系词（连接词）  1、关系代词引导的定语从句  引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose) 和关系副词where, when, why。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时还做定语从句的一个成分。 关系代词 例句 that 指物 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 2. The noodle that I cooked was delicious. 指人 1. Who is the man that is reading the book over there? 2. The girl that we met yesterday is Jim’s sister. which 指物 1. The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well. 2. The songs which Liu Dehua sings are very popular. who/ whom 指人 1. The foreigner who visited our class is from Canada. 2. The person whom you just visited is Mr. Li. whose 指人或物的所有格 1. I like the girl whose hair is long. 2. There stands my house whose windows face south. (从表中可以看出：用that更有通用性) 2．关于that, which的用法注意点  1）只能用that，不用which作为定语从句关系代词的情况  a）不定代词，如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词  There is nothing that I can do.  I mean the one that was bought yesterday.  b）先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last修饰  This is the very book that I want to find.  The last place that I visited was the hospital.  c）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时  This is the first composition that he has written in English.  d）先行词既有人，又有物时  He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.  2）不用that, 只用which的情况  a）引导非限定性定语从句时which  The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.  b）介词后用which  We depend on the land from which we get our food.  3．关系副词引导的定语从句  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。  1）先行词是表示地点名词时（country, school, room…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词+which的结构。值得注意的是which前的介词选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。  Beijing is the place in which (