DNA水平上检测正选择方法的研究进展.pdfVIP

HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2009 9 , 31(9): 896―902 ISSN 0253-9772 综 述 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2009.00896 DNA 水平上检测正选择方法的研究进展 林栲, 李海鹏 -, 200031 达尔文的自然选择学说指出, 自然选择作用是物种进化的主要因素。而1968 年Kimura 提出的中性进化 学说认为中性突变和随机漂变才是进化的主要动力。在接下来的 30 多年时间中, 人们尝试从各种角度来检测 自然选择是否存在。随着DNA 测序技术的发展, 大量的DNA 序列信息为检验自然选择提供了丰富的数据。因 为自然选择会影响DNA 变异模式, 所以可以通过分析现有的DNA 样本来推断过去是否发生了自然选择。另一 方面, 种群历史等因素也会影响到DNA 变异模式, 因此会对自然选择的检测产生干扰。文章主要介绍了中性检 验基本的概念, 全面回顾了一些经典的检验方法, 并着重介绍了近几年新发展出的研究方向。 : DNA 水平; 自然选择; 中性检验 Advances in detecting positive selection on genome LIN Kao, LI Hai-Peng CAS-MPG Partner Institutefor Computational Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China Abstract: After Darwin’s natural selection theory emerged, Kimura proposed the theory of neutral evolution in 1968, which considered neutral mutations and random genetic drift as the major evolutionary forces. In the following years, vari- ous kinds of methods were developed to test whether natural selection has ever happened. With the improvement of DNA sequencing technologies, large amount of DNA sequence polymorphism data is available, providing a mass of materials for testing the natural selection theory. Since natural selection would leave its footprint on the genome, we are able to refer the adaptive evolutionary history of a population. On the other hand, population demographic history and other evolutionary forces may affect DNA polymorphic pattern in similar way, which may interfere with tests. In this paper, we summarized some basic concepts of neutral test, and briefly introduced some classical methods. Focus was given to several recently developed methods. Keywords: DNA level;natural selection;neutrality test 19 ,