毕业设计（论文）-CA6140数控改造及控制系统设计说明书.doc

摘 要 数控机床在机械制造业中发挥着巨大的作用，但数控机床一次性投资较大，对机床进行数控化改造不失为一良策。本设计利用数控装置对CA6140普通车床进行控制,主传动系统部分 采用交流调频主轴电动机经带轮及分级齿轮变速箱驱动主轴，通过变频器和齿轮变速箱实现分段无级变速；进给系统采用步进电机通过减速后驱动滚珠丝杠运动，在纵向进给系统中通过一级齿轮减速后驱动滚珠丝杠，在横向进给系统中通过二级齿轮减速驱动滚珠丝杠；刀架改为自动转位刀架(四工位)从而实现自动换刀；通过MCS-51系列8051单片机对数据进行计算处理，由I/O接口输出步进脉冲信号控制进给速度和行程；为了保持切削螺纹的功能，要在主轴外端或其它适当部位装上脉冲发生器；将车床的手动尾座改造成为可控电动尾座。 本次设计的数控改造为经济适用型，改造简单易行，可降低劳动强度，提高生产效率。主要介绍了经济型数控机床进给伺服系统设计计算。阐述了CA6140普通数控车床的主轴系统的改进及机床纵向、横向进给系统的改造设计及计算。 关键词： CA6140车床；数控改造；滚珠丝杠；步进电动机 ABSTRACT The NC machine plays a very great role in mechanical engineering．Although the investment needs a great deal of money，it is a good way to try digital modification for ordinary lathe.The spindle speed of CA6140 remains the manual function of shifting gears．The alteration is easy and it can reduce labor intensity and improve productive efficiency． but the NC Machine larger one-time investment, NC machine tools for the transformation of a good after all. The design of the device using NC Lathe CA6140 control, part of the main transmission system using AC spindle motor and graded by the pulley driven spindle gearbox, through the inverter and gearbox to achieve sub; Feed System used by stepper motor driven ball screw slowdown after campaign vertical feed system through a gear after the ball screw drive, in the horizontal feed system through two gear-driven ball screw; Tool to automatically transfer tool carrier (4-position), thus achieving automatic tool change; by MCS-51 series 8051 data to be dealt with. from the I / O interface stepper pulse output signal to control the feed rate and itineraries; In order to maintain the function of cutting thread, to the outer end of spindle or other appropriate location loaded pulse generator; Lathe will be transformed into Tailstock manually controlled electric Tailstock. The design of the NC transformation of the economy - the application, transforming simple, can reduce labor intensity, improve production efficiency. Introduced a major economic NC machine