3 Lecture Three Chapter Two英汉译汉教程.ppt

English-Chinese Translation英译汉教程 Lecture Three Chapter Two :Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese Part One : Studies of the English Language Part Two : Studies of the Chinese Language Part Three: Specimen Reading Part Four : English vs. Chinese Part Five : Assignments 2.1 External History: Historical Information ＊The Seven Ages of English 1. Pre-English period（－c. AD 450) The local languages: Celtic Roman invasion : Latin 2.Early Old English（450－c. 850) Invasion of Anglo-Saxons 3.Later Old English (c. 850一1100) Invasions and settlements from Scandinavia 4. Middle English(c.1100一1450) Norman conquest French 5. Early modern English (c. 1450一1750) The Renaissance, the Elizabethan era and Shakespeare “standardized and fixed” 6. Modern English (c. 1750一1950) Industrial Revolution “the international language ” 7. Late modern English (c. 1950一） American English “dominant” Individual Contributions to the Making of English 1. Chaucer, Geoffrey “Father of English Poetry”: The Canterbury Tales 2. Shakespeare, William “Maker of English” 3. The Bible Translators 4. Wordsworth, William 5. Webster, Noah 6. Mencken, Henry Some Major Factors Affecting the Chinese Language （l）Feudal Society(封建社会) 尊崇先圣先王，注重经籍古书 文言文、骄体文、八股文 （2）Opium War(鸦片战争) 借鉴拉丁语法的第一部汉语语法:《马氏文通》 （3）May 4th Movement (“五四”运动) 反对文言文，提倡白话文 （4）New China(新中国) 大陆:白话+简体 VS 港澳台:白话+文言+繁体 Notes: Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism 儒、道、佛(古代思想领域 ) Specimen Reading English Traits(P36) (Excerpts) Ralph Waldo Emerson 英国人的特色（节录）（美）拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生 The English composite character betrays a mixed origin. 英国人复合的性格说明他们的来源混杂。 Everything English is a fusion of distant and antagonistic elements. 英国的每一事物都是相距甚远或敌性的诸因素的融合。 The language is mixed; the names of men are of different nations — three languages, three or four nations — the currents of thought are counter: 英语是混成的，英国人的姓名来自不同的民族——三种语言混成，三、四种民族思想潮流是交叉的： contemplation and practical skill; active intellect and dead conservatism; world-wide enterprise an