单片机智能小车设计与制作.doc

单片机智能小车设计与制作 摘要智能作为现代的新发明，是以后的发展方向，他可以按照预先设定的模式在一个环境里自动的运作，不需要人为的管理，可应用于科学勘探等等的用途。智能电动车就是其中的一个体现。设计实现了一种基于51单片机的自主避障能模型车系统，实用红外传感器采集路况信息，通过对检测信息的分析，自动控制转向电机转向。改变行驶路径，绕过障碍物，从而实现只能车稳定避障。关键词：智能车；51单片机；避障；红外线Single chip microcomputer intellige- Nt the rabbit design and production Abstract Designed and implemented an approach based on single-chip 51obstacle avoidance of autonomous intelligent vehicle system model.The use of infrared sensors collect traffic information.Through detected information analysis,automatic contorl steering motor turn,change the path of traffice to bypass the obsteuction.In order to realize the smart car stable obstacle avoidance. This topic design made a judgment of the car with intelligent function, the function is strong. The car has the following functions: to be automatic condition declivitous function, automatic follow mark function according to the black track driving ; Flooding light function look for the light source and driving ahead in place . Works with two motor driven mainly by all kinds of sensors to collect a all kinds of information, into the control unit T89C52 microcontroller, processing data accomplished the corresponding action, in order to achieve their control. Motor driver circuit adopts L9110 drive chip. Among them with infrared transceiver to complete condition declivitous, deal with data from the control unit after complete the corresponding action, no one can realize the control through the motions, the equivalent to simple robot. Key words: Smart Cart;Single-chip 51;Obstacle Avoidance;Infrared 目 录 1 绪 论 1 1.1课题研究的相关背景 1 1.2选题的目的和意义 3 1.3国内外研究现状 3 2 方案的比较与选择 4 2.1 车体的设计 4 2.2 单片机选择 4 2.3 电机的选择 4 2.4 电机驱动模块 5 2.5 电源模块 5 2.6 避障功能模块 6 3 硬件系统的设计与功能实现 7 3.1主控模块简介 7 3.2 电机驱动电路的设计 8 3.2.1 L9110驱动原理图 9 3.2.2 L9110驱动特点 9 3.2.3 电器特性 9 3.2.4 电机驱动的原理图 10 3.3 避障电路的原理与设计 10 4 软件设计的实现与说明 13 4.1 主程序流程图 13 5 Keil uVision3环境与软件仿真下载 14 5.1Keil uVision 3环境 14 5.2 软件仿真 20 5.3单片机智能避障小车程序的写入 20 6 测试与结论 24 6.1硬件测试 24 6.2结果分析与结论