中国乐器和器乐.pptVIP

traditional chinese music and instrument music three traditional musics chinese musical instruments historical development classification the ancient period 6000 BC to 1711BC: acconding to the current unearthed relics，the wind instruments are the earliest instruments。Henan wuyang bone flute is the oldest one。根据现有的出土实物，吹奏类乐器是最早出现的乐器，以河南舞阳骨笛最为久远。 historical development four stages in the ancient period pre-Qin period the Qin Han and Tang dynasties the Song Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties pre-Qin period 711 BC to 256 BC： the first summit in the history of musical instrument 这是我国乐器发展史的第一个高峰 the confirmation of eight sounds确定了乐器的分类法－“八音”。 the appearance of guqin the percussion instruments came into fashion这段时期的乐器以击奏类为主，出土实物以曾侯乙编钟影响最大， 　 the Song Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties 960－1840：the stringed instruments developed quickly。 the court music was gradually replaced by the folk music the Qin Han and Tang dynasties 221 BC to 960 AD：the golden age这是我国乐器发展史的鼎盛时期， foreign instruments flow into our country， plucked instruments get unprecedented development and prosperity随着中外文化的交流，大量的外国乐器传入我国，弹奏类乐器得到空前的发展和繁荣。 tang dynasty is the highest peak and pipa is the most important instrument。唐代则是我国乐器发展的最高峰，琵琶则是唐代最为重要的乐器　　 classification eight sounds （八音） the earliest instrument classification in chinese history in western zhou dynasty the eight categories are：silk ，bamboo ，wood,?stone,?metal,?clay,?gourd?and?hide. classification at present，our instruments are classified into four parts through their play methods and sound effects。 wind instrument（吹管乐器） stringed instrument （拉弦乐器） plucked instrument （弹拔乐器） percussion instrument （打击乐器） 芦笙 guan管 二、stringed instruments 在我国音乐史上，拉弦乐器的出现比吹管、打击、弹拔等乐器晚一些，宋代陈旸《乐书》提到的唐代奚琴算是最早的拉弦乐器。 多少年来，“胡琴”这个名称几乎成了拉弦乐器的统称。江南丝竹、广乐音乐、河南板头曲、福建南乐等民间乐种中，拉弦乐器也都处于相当重要的地位。胡琴演奏家们在长期的艺术实践中积累了相当丰富的演奏经验。，以二胡为基础发展的一套拉弦乐器组，成为民族管弦乐队中人数最多，最富于表现力的一组乐器。 erhu二胡 Erhu in bowed instrument is the most widely popular and the mos