核酸疫苗的研究进展.pdfVIP

核酸疫苗研究进展 邵杰，梁争论*    中国食品药品检定研究院肝炎病毒疫苗室 卫生部生物技术产品检定方法及其标准化重点实验室，北京 100050 摘要: 核酸疫苗是将编码某种抗原蛋白的外源基因( DNA 或RNA ) 直接导入动物体细胞内, 并通过宿主细胞的表达系统合成抗原蛋白, 诱导宿主产生对该抗原蛋白的免疫应答, 以达到 预防或治疗疾病目的的一类新型疫苗。核酸疫苗从出现至今仅有二十多年历史，研究表明核 酸疫苗不仅具有良好的免疫原性与安全性，且由于核酸更易于修饰与改造，核酸疫苗较以往 蛋白疫苗具有更大的灵活性。在实际生产中，核酸疫苗制备、纯化工艺简单，生产周期更短， 生产成本更低，且易于制成多价苗。有案可查的动物用 DNA 疫苗包括：马西尼罗病毒疫苗、 鱼传染性造血坏死病毒疫苗、狗黑色素瘤疫苗和猪生长素释放因子基因治疗疫苗等；人用 HIV DNA 疫苗、肿瘤 RNA 疫苗的研究也显示出一定的保护效果。核酸疫苗极有可能成为下 一个成功应用于人类的新型疫苗。本文对核酸疫苗的研究进展进行综述。 关键词: 核酸疫苗 外源基因 安全性 免疫原性 Research progress on Nucleic acid vaccine SHAO Jie, LIANG Zhenglun* （National Institutes for  Food and Drug Control，Beijing 100050， China ）  ABSTRACT: Nucleic acid vaccine is a new type of vaccine. It can deliver foreign gene (DNA or RNA) which encoding the antigen protein of interest directly into animal cells, and produce antigenic protein through host cell expression system, which further induces the host to generate the immune response in order to prevent disease. Nucleic acid vaccine has been focused on for twenty years. It is reported that the plasticity of nucleic acid vaccine is better than protein vaccine because it not only has good immunogenicity and safety, but also can be easy modified and manufactured. In actual production, nucleic acid vaccine has many advantages such as easy preparation and purification, short production cycles, low production costs, and is easily made into multivalent vaccine. The utility of DNA vaccines in animals has been further documented by the development and commercialization of plasmid DNA-based animal health products. These include a West Nile virus vaccine for horses, an infec