English Grammar in Use.ppt

English Grammar in Use By Zhu Xiangjun Unit 12 THE INFINITIVE 1. Function 2. Form 3. Infinitive after question words 4. Negative infinitive  5. Verbs normally followed by the infinitive 6. The zero infinitive 1. Function The most common uses of the infinitive are: 1. To indicate the purpose or intention of an action (where the to has the same meaning as in order to or so as to): Shes gone to collect her pay cheque. The three bears went into the forest to find firewood. 2. With nouns or pronouns, to indicate what something can be used for, or what is to be done with it: Would you like something to drink? I havent anything to wear. The children need a garden to play in. 每天做眼保健操对你们的眼睛是有好处的。 学好英语是很重要的。 我的梦想是做一名探险家。 我们已经决定下星期日去远足。 他不想让我帮助他。 我有许多家庭作业要做。 他是今天早晨第一个到学校的。 为了赶上早班车，那天早晨他早早起床了。 我们很高兴同你们一起工作。 2. Form The infinitive is the base form of a verb. It may be preceded by to (the to-infinitive) or stand alone (the base or zero infinitive). The to-infinitive is used: a. after certain verbs. e.g. want, wish, agree, fail, mean, decide, learnb. after the auxiliaries be to, have to, and ought toc. in the pattern it is + adjective + to-infinitive Examples: with to The elephant decided to marry the mouse The mouse agreed to marry the elephant You will have to ask her You are to leave immediately He ought to relax She has to go to Berlin next week Its easy to speak English It is hard to change jobs after twenty years Its stupid to believe everything you hear without to I would rather visit Rome. She would rather live in Italy. The perfect infinitive: to have + past participle e.g. to have broken, to have seen, to have saved I would like to have seen the Taj Mahal when I was in India. He pretended to have seen the film.  The continuous infinitive: to be + present participle,e.g. to be swimming, to be joking, to be waiting Id really like to be swimming in a nice cool pool right now. I happened to be waiting for the bus when the acciden