Priority Themes in the World Banks Gender Work.ppt

Priority Themes in the World Bank’s Gender Work Andrew Morrison Lead Economist Gender and Development Group World Bank Key Themes for the World Bank Gender and Development Group Labor Markets Migration Demographics An X-ray of conditions and issues in the CIS Brief outline of Gender Group’s work program Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex in CIS: 1995 and 2000 Percent Changes in Men Womens Labor Force Participation Rates (1995-2000) Unemployment Rates in 1995 and 2000 in Select CIS Countries (as % of male female work force) Gender Wage Ratio(Monthly female wages/ monthly male wages) Early Retirement Early Retirement Labor force participation rates: Generally falling across the region. Is this a discouraged worker effect, and—if so—what needs to be done? Male labor force participation rates generally fell more than female rates, except for Georgia, Ukraine and the Kyrgyz Republic. What particular forces are causing men to drop out of the labor force in larger numbers than women? On the other hand, what explains the collapse of female labor force participation in Georgia? Unemployment: What is the potential role for active labor market policies in reducing unemployment? Should active labor market policies be gender-specific? Wage gaps and discrimination: What lies behind rapidly rising male/female wage gaps in some countries? What enforcement mechanisms are needed to ensure the wage gap is closed? How can we increase the value of women employees to their firms? Retirement age: Should retirement ages be equalized? Changing Profile of Supply Demand for Women Migrants in Europe and CIS SUPPLY 1990s: involuntary migration displacement Current: economic and administrative changes in home country Diversification and polarization Increased illegal migration: restrictions on legal migration favoring high-skilled workers Transit migration from South and South East Asia, China and Afghanistan through CIS DEMAND Previously: low-skilled labor: d