试论我国夫妻间生育权纠纷解决机制.doc

摘  要  20 世纪 90 年代，在我国生育权作为一种妇女权利得到了法律的认可，2001 年法律 又确认了公民生育权，但是法律对生育权的规定更多是宣言性质的。但是在司法实践中 却出现了越来越多和生育相关的纠纷，特别是夫妻之间，这些纠纷有丈夫诉妻子擅自堕 胎侵犯其生育权的纠纷、夫妻间生育因协议引发的纠纷、丈夫诉妻子通奸生育侵犯其生 育权的纠纷等，形形色色的生育权纠纷一定程度上暴露了道德以及其他社会机制的无 力，而越来越多的相关问题被诉诸法院，也说明了生育权纠纷法律规制的必要性。 本文从夫妻间生育权纠纷案例出发，分析夫妻间生育权纠纷性质、类型和产生原因， 并在此基础上提出了一些解决夫妻间生育权纠纷的构想。 本文分为四部分，第一部分通过三个典型案例引入本文讨论的重点，即如何界 定夫妻间的生育权纠纷以及如何解决夫妻间生育权纠纷。第二部分为夫妻生育权的 概述。介绍夫妻生育权的具体概念、性质和内容等。第三部分介绍了夫妻间生育权 纠纷的界定和解决，把夫妻间的生育权纠纷分为侵权纠纷和权利冲突引发的纠纷两 种。第四部分介绍我国现行夫妻间生育权解决机制，并分析了其中的不足，在此基 础上提出了完善夫妻间生育权纠纷解决机制的构想，主要有法律解决机制的完善和 非法律解决机制的完善。  关键词：生育权  夫妻间生育权纠纷  解决机制 I Abstract As the main subject of reproductive rights, wife and husband all have the freedom to procreate or not. If the couples have the different views about reproductive，there will be conflicts between them. If wife abort without husband approve, can husband sue wife tort his reproductive rights? If husband want a baby, the wife refuse his asking, can husband sue for divorce? Facing more conflicts, the law should find a way to handle the problems.  There are four parts in this thesis. The first part introduce the main  ; the second  part is the definition of couple’s reproductive rights; the third parts is about the form of husband and wife reproductive, methods of defining the husband and wife reproductive disputes and the reasons of the couple’s reproductive right; the fourth part analysis the existing solutions of the disputes and pose suggestions of how to deal with the husband and wife fertility and infertility conflict. Key words: Reproductive Rights The Reproductive Conflict between Husband and Wife Disputes-Settlement System II 目  录  摘  要···········································································································I  Abstract ········································································································II 引 言···········································································································1 一、案例引发的问题 （一）案例介