言语交际中的刻意曲解.doc

摘  要  本文旨在从语用学角度对言语交际中出现的刻意曲解现象进行定性研究。其研究重 点主要集中在刻意曲解现象在语言使用的不同层面的表现形式及其语用机制和动机。 刻意曲解是在言语交际中发生在谈话者之间的一种标记性语用现象。虽然听者实际 上完全明白说话者的交际意图，但是为了某些语用动机却刻意曲解说话者的意思。与因 听者的语言、认知或语用能力的欠缺或不足而产生的无意误解这一无标记语用现象不 同，刻意曲解是一种有计划的语用策略，基于听话者较强的语言、认知或者语用能力。 刻意曲解可在由 Brown Levinson 的面子理论，Leech 的礼貌原则以及 Sperber Wilson 的关联理论构建的语用理论框架中得到合理解释。这些理论部分构筑了刻意曲 解的语用机制。刻意曲解现象几乎出现在语言使用的各个层面，包括音系，语义，语用 以及社会文化层面。在言语交际中刻意曲解的语用策略经常被用来维护面子、表示礼貌， 避免尴尬，避免受辱或作出不利于自己的推理。 本文对语言使用的各个层面的刻意曲解现象的具体表现及其语用动机的原创性研 究可以加深人们对刻意曲解这一特殊语用现象的理解，并为本领域的后续研究提供借 鉴。 关键词：刻意曲解；语用机制；语言使用层面；语用动机 iii Abstract The present research makes a qualitative study of deliberate misinterpretation occurring in verbal communication from pragmatic perspective. Its main focuses are placed on the realization of deliberate misinterpretation at different levels of language use and its pragmatic apparatuses and motivations. Deliberate misinterpretation is a marked pragmatic phenomenon happening between two interlocutors in communication, in which the speaker’s communicative intention is factually understood but deliberately distorted for some pragmatic motivations. Different from the unmarked pragmatic phenomenon of misunderstanding which is unintentional and results from the hearer’s linguistic, cognitive or pragmatic inability or inadequacies, deliberate misinterpretation is a planned pragmatic strategy and based on the hearer’s relatively strong linguistic, cognitive and pragmatic abilities. Deliberate misinterpretation can be well interpreted within the framework of pragmatic theories formed by Brown Levinson’s Face Theory, Leech’s Politeness Principle as well as Sperber Wilson’s Relevance Theory. These theories partly constitute the pragmatic apparatuses of deliberate misinterpretation. The phenomenon of deliberate misinterpretation can be traced at almost all levels of language use, including phonological, semantic, pragmatic and social-cultural levels. The pragmatic strategy of deliberate misinterpretation is often employed in verbal commun