[句子的成分]英语句子中的基本成分.docVIP

句子的成分 一、英语句子中的基本成分 英语句子中有两个最基本，也是最重要的成分——主语和谓语。主语表明这个句子讲的是谁或者是什么；谓语说明主语在干什么或者处于什么状态。 主语 谓语 James is reading. The girl is beautiful. 但是，一个句子仅有主语和谓语往往不能很好地表达说话者的意图，还需要宾语、定语、状语等成分。 宾语表示行为或结果，一般用在及物动词的后面。 主语 谓语 宾语 The woman recognizes the man. 定语用来修饰或限制名词或代词，更具体地说明所修饰的词到底是谁或有什么特征。 主语 谓语 定语 宾语 The woman recognizes the tall man. Reading provides great fun. 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 主语 谓语 定语 宾语 状语 The woman recognizes the tall man immediately. The students are reading English books whole-heartedly. 宾语补足语在宾语之后，以补足宾语的意义。如： My mother asked me to post the letter. (二) 各个成分的表示法 1. 主语 主语一般由名词或起名词作用的其他词类或短语等担任。 (1) 名词作主语。 The temperature remains very high these days. Television is the main source of entertainment. (2) 代词作主语。 He can swim like a fish. Who is reading so loudly? This is the best film I have ever seen. (3) 数词作主语。 One-third of the students are from the countryside. Three will be more than enough. 三个就足够了。 (4) 动词-ing形式作主语。 Smoking does a lot of harm to one’s health. Running can make you healthier. (5) 不定式（短语）作主语。 To do such a job requires a lot of courage. To live on an isolated island means a complete separation from the world. (6) 词组或复合结构作主语。 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. (谚语) 只用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变儍。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and wise. 早睡早起身体好，聪明快乐也不少。 (7) 名词化的其他词类作主语。 “ABC” is often used to show something is as easy or simple as “ABC”. The rich never help the poor in that country. (8) 从句it在句子中没有任何意义，仅仅起一个平衡句子的作用。形式主语一般用在由不定式、动词-ing形式以及从句作主语的句子中。 主语为不定式的情况。 It is your responsibility to maintain good order of the theatre. = To maintain good order of the theatre is your responsibility. 保持剧院的良好秩序是你的责任。 It’s a big mistake to give up the plan. = To give up the plan is a big mistake. 放弃这个计划是一个大错误。 主语为动词-ing形式的情况。 在这种情况下，it作形式主语主要用在有下列表达的句子中： … no use, … no good, … useless / not much use, … worthwhile, … waste, … senseless, … dangerous 等等。如： It is no use playing music for cows. 对牛弹琴是没有用的。 It is not worthwhile repairing this watch. 这