8th synonyms and antonyms【荐】.ppt

8th synonyms Synonyms is one of the characteristic features of the vocabulary of natural languages. English as a highly developed language is known for it copious stock of synonyms. Focus: definition and classification 1. Definition of synonyms. P66 Synonyms can be defined as words different in sound and spelling but most nearly alike or exactly the same in meaning. Reasonable as it sounds, this definition is subject to disagreement. In fact, there are no two words in English that are interchangeable in all contexts. P66… end ---- terminate ----close, all of which are “modes of ending”, but to terminate is to “end finally” and to close is to “end gradually”. amaze ---- astound , A teacher was ______to find that a lazy student gained a mark of 100 in an important test. A teacher was ______to find that a lazy student gained a mark of 100 in an important test. A woman may be amazed to learn that her dearest friend has been spreading malicious gossip about her. A woman may be astounded to learn that her dearest friend has been spreading malicious gossip about her. Synonyms may share similar concept, they differ in stylistic appropriateness and affective values or connotations. Therefore, a better definition might be “one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.” In other words, synonyms share a likeness in denotation as well as part of speech 2.Types of synonyms synonyms can be classified into two groups: absolute synonyms and relative synonyms. Absolute synonyms: P100 Absolute synonyms are words which are identical in all its aspects. i.e. both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning including conceptual and associate meaning, they are interchangeable in every way. Relative synonyms differ from absolute synonyms in the following respects. A: in shade of meaning P101 Escape ---flee Denote—connote B. in emotive meaning Philanthropist ---do gooder Intellectual ----egg-head Co