cihuixue【荐】.ppt

Lecture 2Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary 讲授题目：Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary 所属章节：《现代英语词汇学》（授课教材）第1-2章 计划学时：3 periods 教学方法：传统讲授法 参考资料：《英语词汇学教程》、《英语词汇学》 教学目的和要求：通过本单元的学习，学生对词的定义，词汇的分类等词的基本知识有了一定的了解。 Lecture 2 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary 教学重点：1) What is a word? 2) Classification of English words. 教学难点：1) The definition of word. 2) Classification of words. Lecture 2 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary 1. What is a word What is a word? This question has occupied the attention of linguists for ages. Although numerous definitions have been suggested, none of them seem to be perfect. Scholars don’t agree on the definition of the word. To sum up, the definition of a word comprises the following points: Lecture 2 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary (1) a minimal free form of a language; (一门语言中最小的自由形式) (2) a sound unity; (一个声音统一体) (3) a unit of meaning; (一个意义单位) (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. (在句子中能独立起作用的一个形式) Lecture 2 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary Therefore, we can say that a word is “a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function”. (词是一门语言中具有一定的声音、意义和句法功能的最小的自由形式。) ※如果撇开能不能独立运用这一点，词就不是最小的有语义的单位。 语言中最小的“语音语义的结合体”称为“词素”(morpheme)。 Lecture 2 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary 2. Sound and Meaning A word is a symbol that stands for something else in the world. Each of the world’s cultures has come to agree that certain sounds will represent certain persons, things, places, properties, processes and activities outside the language system. This symbolic connection is almost arbitrary, and there is ‘no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself’ (Lodwig and Barrett 1993 ). Lecture 2 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary For example, a ‘‘dog’’ is called a dog not becaus