海文英语课堂笔记.docVIP

三个学习语法的准则： 语法现象如何与考点难句的分析联系，即从语法知识向句子分析转换—认知层面 语法现象与作者态度联系起来，即从理解句子向答案转换——意义层来 语法现象如何与句子输出联系起来——操作层面 第一：一二三四五法 一、二种表达方式 （一）时态 1.第一种：一般过去时 当上下文为一般时，突然有几句话用过去时，往往暗中透露信息，强调的是现在与过去或者一般情况与当下情况的不一样！no longer. used to （1）文中出现，常常用来暗示下一步的文章走向 No longer.The internet…is making an acess to scientific results a reality. No longer. The Internet (– and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research /by restricting access to it –) is making access to scientific results a reality. (2)题干中出现，常常作为干扰项；如果要成为正确答案，则需要原文出现前后相反的意思，否则就不能成立 Nowadays, every hotel tries to give a better salary to its employees. 2.完成时 完成时+虚拟语气 （1）与现在事实相反 Were, would,should,could,might Even if I were a bird, I could never fly high. 虚拟语气以倒装的形式呈现 Were I a bird, … 意义：暗示一种无奈，遗憾 （2）与过去事实相反 从句：Had+done,；主句：would/should/could+have done If I had been given a chance, I would have chosen another way. =in fact, I had no choice and made this way. 倒装一下：Had I been given… Were our children given… If our children are(were) given more chances to experience hardship, they will(would) become less fragile facing the challege. (3)与将来事实相反 从句：Were to do,should do, 主句：would/should/could/might+do 2011环境保护 要建立起保护环境的意识： If we were to be/become/keep aware of the protection of…, our world would be… （4）特殊用法 If only:要是…就好了 If only you would listen to our advice. 3.第三种：现在分词和过去分词在表意上的区别 Doing：表示进行和主动 to be doing Done：表示完成和被动 to be done/to be have done 阅读中的暗示 写作中要区分，避免失分旅途之余 The rubbish throwing into the lake… Thrown/to be thrown 现在分词表进行、主动，强调正在做的过程； 过去分词表示完成、被动，暗示某种结果。 （二）语态 1.被动态 be done. 有一些特殊词，以主动表被动 Stay,wash，sell My coat of Jeanwest washes well. A hotpot stands in the picture. 主动表被动+独立主格结构=好分 There are a lot of kinds of culture in it. A hotpot stands in the picture with various/a variety of kinds of culture boiled together in it. A boat drives on the lake with two men eating food and throwing off rubbish into the lake. 主句：主动表被动； 独立主格：with sth./sb.+do