国际货物运输 International Cargo Tranport【荐】.ppt

6.1. Modes of Transport 6.2. General Considerations on Cargo Transport 6. 3. Major Transport Documents 6.4. Clause of Shipment What are the major types of transportation? Can you describe the advantages and disadvantages of the modes of transportation you have mentioned? What should we consider when choosing a certain mode of transportation? 6.1. Modes of Transport(International Cargo Transportation) (1) Features of ocean transport (2) Operational modes of ocean transport (3) Freight Rates Features of Ocean Transport ? Advantages: ? The easy passage since about 70% of the earth is covered by water. ? Large capacity. ? The unit distribution cost reduced. ? Good adaptability to cargoes of different size, weight, shape, etc. ? Disadvantages: ? The low passage of ocean transport. ? Vulnerable to bad weather and less punctual compared with road or air transport. ? 1) Liner Transport（班轮运输） 2) Charter Transport 租船运输 （Tramp Shipping)不定期船运输 The practice of paying money to a shipping company to use their boats. Much cheaper than that of the liner. Shippers may choose direct route. Widely used in transporting bulk cargoes. Charter Transport 12 Freight is a special unit used in calculating charges that must be paid for shipping the cargo. Freight is collected in different ways. Shippers should be familiar with them in order to estimate and reduce, if possible, the cost of transport. Ocean freight may be broadly divided into liner freight and charter freight. Liner Freight Basic freight rates 1）Weight重量法: for items marked with “W” in the tariff, the freight thereon are to be calculated per metric ton on weight (weight ton). 2) Measurement体积法: for items marked with “M”, the freight is to be calculated per cubic meter on measurement of the cargo (measurement ton). 3) Ad Val.从价法: for items marked with “AD Val.”, the freight is to be calculate